学位英语

The Role of Governments

1 Governments determine the legal framework that sets the basic meets for the ownership of property and the operation of markets.In addition governments at all levels regulate economic behavior,setting detailed rules for the operation of businesses.Such regulations apply to all businesses;examples include laws against fraud and racial discrimination.

2 Governments buy and produce many goods and services,such as defense,education,parks,and roads,which they provide for firms and households.They typically buy computers but write programs they need to operate them.Governments also produce and sell goods.In many countries the phone company is governmentowned,like the electric system.

3 Governments also make transfer payments,such as Social Security and unemployment benefits to individuals.Transfer payments are payments for which no current economic goods or service is provided in return and therefore do not represent expenditure(支出)for the purchase of final products.A firefighter's salary is not a transfer payment,but welfare benefits are.

4 Governments pay for the goods they buy and for the transfer payments they make mostly by collecting taxes,including personal income taxes,property taxes,social insurance taxes,and sales taxes.Over 60% of the government revenue in the U.S.is collected by the federal government.This does not include taxes collected by state and city governments.

5 Every market economy suffers from business cycles.Governments,through their control of taxes and government spending and through their ability to control the quantity of money,often attempt to modify fluctuations(波动) in the business cycle.For instance,the government may reduce taxes in a recession(萧条)in the hope that people will increase spending and thus raise the GNP.

23. Paragraph 2

24. Paragraph 3

25. Paragraph 4

26. Paragraph 5

A. Collecting Taxes

B. Making Transfer Payments

C. Making Laws and Regulations

D. Buying and Selling Goods and Services

E. Stabilizing the Economy

F. Controlling the Market

27. Governments regulate economic behavior,and the regulations.

28. Besides buying and producing services,governments also.

29. The government revenue in the U.S.is collected by the federal government and.

30. The government may reduce taxes in a recession in order to .

A. apply to all businesses

B. raise the GNP

C. state and city government

D. reduce spending

E. modify fluctuations in the business cycle

F. produce and sell goods

答案：23.D 24.B 25.A 26.E 27.A 28.F 29.C 30.B

相关推荐：2017年职称英语报名时间及入口

报考条件：综合类，理工类，卫生类考试原则上没有严格的界限。职称英语考试报名可在单位报，评职称与户口无关，主要看你的工作单位，所以你可以直接咨询单位的人事部门，如果他们说可以就行，每个省规定不大一样。【查看详情】

报考选择：职称英语报考科目|级别选择|报名条件及相关问题解答

免考规定：取得外语(从事翻译工作人员及外语教师第二外语)专业专科及以上学历的人员申报中、高级职称评审……。【查看详情】

（责任编辑：hbz）

共2页,当前第1页  第一页  前一页  下一页