学位英语

Obesity Causes Global Warming

The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing ： Last week，obese people were accused of causing global warming.

This conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois，US，and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. (1)

There has been calls for taxes on junk food2 in recent years. (2) "We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost"，Schmidt said. “ Similarly，leading a lazy lifestyle will end up costing taxpayers more. ”

US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such claims are getting attention.

At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. (3) "The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously. ” Oliver said.

In a 1960s study, children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked which they would want for a friend?(4)

Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students. Once again, almost no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. “Obesity was stigmatized. " the researchers said.

But, researchers say, getting thin is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don't care. (5) Genes also play a part.

词汇：

obese 肥胖的 haul 运输

correlate 与……相联系 stigma 坏名声

stigmatize 侮辱

注释：

1.carbon dioxide ： 二氧化碳

2.junk food:垃圾食品

3.cause-and-effect relationship：因果关系

练习：

A A meager diet may keep you thin.

B It means an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.

C The obese child was picked last.

D US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars.

E Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.

F No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.

答案与题解：

1.B第二段讲到Sheldon Jacobson和Laura McLay在一项研究中计算了运送美国胖子一年需要多消耗10亿加仑的汽油。从所给的这些句子来看，只有B是连贯的。B句为Jtmeaiis an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.这意味着多放出 1100 万吨二氧化碳。

2.D第三段的第一个句子，即空格前的句子，讲的是：近些年，不断有人提出要给垃圾食品征税。这是个主题句，那么后面的句子讲得应该更具体一点。D说得更具体，是这么说的:US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars.美国经济学家 Martin Schmidt建议对送到车上的快餐要征税。另外，从主题的发展来看，也只有这个句子 最合适o

3.F 口第‘段开始时说到，在美国肥胖协会的年会上，有人把车祸造成的死亡跟肥胖联系了起来，也有人把自杀跟肥胖联系了起来。从剩下的句子来看，只有填入F是连贯的。F说的 是：No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship.没有人问一问它们之 间是否真正存在因果关系。

4.C第六段主要是讲一个试验，先让儿童看一组画，画里有正常的儿童和残疾的儿童，还有一个小胖子，而后问他们愿意和哪个小孩做朋友。C是对这个问题合适的回答。

5.E 最后一段讲的是减肥跟戒烟不一样，在一定程度上受到基因的控制(最后一个句子)，因此很难。所以只有E是合适的。E是这么说的;Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight.科学已经表明，胖子自己几乎是无法控制体重的。

译文：肥胖导致全球变暖

归咎于肥胖者的错误清单变得越来越长：上周，肥胖者们被职责导致了全球变暖。

这项结论来自于美国伊利诺伊大学的Sheldon Jacobson以及博士生Laura McLay。他们的研究计算了运送美国胖子需要多消耗多少汽油。据他们称，答案是，每年需要多消耗10亿加仑。这意味着多放出1100万吨二氧化碳。

这些年，不断有人提出要对垃圾食品征税。而美国经济学家Martin Schmidt建议对送到车上的快餐要征税。“我们对香烟征税一部分是因为人们所需要付出的健康代价太高，”Schmidt说，“同样，一种懒散的生活方式应该让纳税人掏出更多的钱。”

美国政治学家Eric Oliver说他本能的第一反应是嘲笑这些有关汽油和食物的言论。但是这些言论却正在获得更多的关注。

在美国肥胖协会的年会上，有人把车祸造成的是iwang跟肥胖联系了起来，另有人则将肥胖和自杀联系了一起。却没有人问一问它们之间是否真正存在因果关系。“而更为可笑的是，每个人都是把这样的言论当真。”Oliver 说道。

在20世纪60年代，儿童按要求看一组画，一幅画里有正常和残疾的儿童，另一幅画里没有残疾孩子却有一个小胖子，他们被问知愿意和哪个小孩做朋友。小胖子是最后被挑出来做朋友的人选。

最近，这些研究者以大学生为研究对象重复了他们的实验。再一次，没有人，甚至是胖人自己，喜欢肥胖的人。“肥胖受到了鄙视。”研究者这样说道。

但是，研究者称，变苗条不像戒烟。许多力图戒烟的人最终都成功了。可肥胖却不同。这不是肥胖者们不够在意，科学已经表明，胖子自己几乎是无法控制体重的。因为基因在起作用。

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