学位英语

第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Sauna

Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. The Finns have perfected the steam bath, or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as dry heat bath. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges.

The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was unknown at that time. a fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave. After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours. A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “svusauna”, is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a back-ground odor or smoke. Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are available.

Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving. Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing. Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion and speed recovery time. The body's core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight fever. The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place.

Sauna is goof for your skin as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. Adults sweat about 2 lbs of water per hour on average in a sauna. A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. The loss in water weight is temporary as the body's physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. The cardiovascular system gets work out as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. Heart rate may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute.

A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctor's advice. The elderly and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions at first to become accustomed to this type of bath.

31　Ceremonial bathing _________.

A　is called the sauna by Finns

B　is equivalent to the steam bath

C　has various forms

D　is held in an enclosed room

32　What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience? _________

A　Saunas in underground caves.

B　Saunas with smoke.

C　Saunas using wood burning stoves.

D　Saunas using electric stoves.

33　According to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following EXCEPT_________.

A　reducing the chance of getting cold

B　speeding recovery

C　relieving stress

D　curing asthma

34　According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because_________.

A　pores are cleaned by sweat

B　water is lost by sweating

C　blood moves to the surface for heat exchange

D　the heart pumps harder and faster

35　Who are advised not to take a sauna? _________

A　Elderly people.

B　Pregnant women.

C　People with heart trouble.

D　All of the above.

第二篇

Mobile Phone and Diseases

A study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said.

But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec(魁北克), said more research was needed to determine the seriousness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body.

The study at Finland's Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said.

“We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body,” Leszczynski said.

Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brain's protective shield against harmful substances.

The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream, Leszczynski said.

The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable(能透过的), he said.

“Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink—not the blood vessels but the cells themselves—and then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass. ” he said.

Leszczynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result.

“These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort,” he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimer's disease.

“Where the truth is do not know,” he said.

Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.

36　According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phone affect one's health? _________

A　Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activities can make the protective shield more permeable.

B　Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowing smoothly.

C　Mobile phone radiation will bring stress to people exposed to it.

D　Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid speed.

37　What's the result of the French study? _________

A　The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening.

B　Mobile phone may affect one's normal way of thinking.

C　Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiation.

D　A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation.

38　What kind of disease is not caused by the use of mobile phone? _________

A　Fatigue.

B　Headache.

C　Alzheimer's disease.

D　Tuberculosis.

39　According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone? _________

A　People will be forbidden to use mobile phone.

B　People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiation.

C　People will continue to use mobile phone.

D　There will be new restrictions on the use of mobile phone.

40　Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? _________

A　The research in Finland found that mobile phone radiation will affect one's brain.

B　Mobile phone radiation can cause increased activity in hundreds of protein in human cells.

C　Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink.

D　Lszczynski forbid his wife and children to use mobile phone after his research.

第三篇

Problems of Internet

The proportion of works cut for the cinema in Britain dropped from 40 per cent when I joined the BBFC in 1975 to less than 4 per cent when I left. But I don't think that 20 years from now it will be possible to regulate any medium as closely as I regulated film.

The Internet is, of course, the greatest problem for this century. The world will have to find a means, through some sort of international treaty of United Nations initiative, to control the material that's now going totally unregulated into people's homes. That said, it will only take one little country like Paraguay to refuse to sign a treaty for transmission to be unstoppable. Parental control is never going to be sufficient.

I'm still very worried about the impact of violent video games, even though researchers say their impact is moderated by the fact that players don't so much experience the game as enjoy the technical manoeuvres (策略)that enable you to win. But in respect of violence in mainstream films, I'm more optimistic. Quite suddenly, tastes have changed, and it's no longer Stallone or Schwarzenegger who are the top stars, but Leonardo DiCaprio—that has taken everybody by surprise.

Go through the most successful films in Europe and America now and you will find virtually none that we are violent. Quentin Tarantino didn't usher in a new, violent generation, and films are becoming much more prosocial than one would have expected.

Cinemagoing will undoubtedly survive. The new multiplexes are a glorious experience, offering perfect sound and picture and very comfortable seats, thins which had died out in the 1980s. I can't believe we've achieved that only to throw it away in favor of huddling around a 14-inch computer monitor to watch digitally-delivered movies at home.

It will become increasingly cheap to make films, with cameras becoming smaller and lighter but remaining very precise. That means greater chances for new talent to emerge, as it will be much easier for people to learn how to be better film-makers. People's working lives will be shorter in the future, and once retired they will spend a lot of time learning to do things that amuse them--like making videos. Fifty years on we could well be media-saturated as producers as well as audience; instead of writing letters, one will send little home movies entitled My Week.

41　Which of the following about Internet is true according to the passage? _________

A　The Internet is the greatest progress for this century.

B　Efforts are needed to control Internet.

C　Paraguay refused to sign a treaty for transmission.

D　The United Nations has found ways to prevent Internet from developing.

42　What kind of film does the author dislike? _________

A　Violent films.

B　Comedy.

C　European films.

D　Films acted by Leonardo.

43　What does “that” in “I can't believe we've achieved that only to throw it away in favor...”(Para. 5) refer to? _________

A　Digitally-delivered movies.

B　Multiplexes.

C　Advanced camera.

D　Sound.

44　What is the author's attitude toward the future of film? _________

A　Positive.

B　Negative.

C　Uncertain.

D　Worried.

45　What does “media-saturated” in “Fifty years on we could well be media-saturated as ...”(Para. 6) mean? _________

A　Be tired of media.

B　Be fully affected by media.

C　Be driven mad by media.

D　Be benefited by media.

（责任编辑：中大编辑）