学位英语

Privacy Worry May Keep HIV Patients from Therapy

Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about2 the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care.

Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina3, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from rural North Carolina locations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality.

“The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.”

“Two types of breaches occurred,”Whetten-Goldstein noted. “The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patient’s child.4”

“The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches, 5” Whetten-Goldstein explained. “This type of breach involves providers talking about a patient’s HIV status without the patient’s knowledge of the interaction.”

“The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patient’s consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information,” she pointed out.

“Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.”

“However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may further expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself,” she added.

词汇：

privacy /'pr?v?s?/ n.隐私,秘密

breach /bri?t?/ n.破坏,违反

therapy /'θer?p?/ n.疗法,治疗

consent /k?n'sent/ n.答应,允许

confidentiality /,k?nf?,den??'?l?t?/ n.保密性

regulate /'regj?le?t/ vt.调整

注释：

1.HIV (human immunodeficiency virus):人类免疫缺陷病毒

2.be concerned about:为……而担心(忧虑、烦恼)

3. North Carolina：(美国)北卡罗来纳州

4.One example was... with the patient’s child.例子之一就是某个护士由于担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩,所以就告诉自己的孩子,这个病人是HIV阳性的病人。本句中who 至the patient’s child 是nurse 的定语从句,其中that her patient was HIV-positive又是told的宾语从句;out of concern (出于担心)是介词短语,作told的状语;而that her child would play with the patient’s child 则是concern的同位语从句。

5.one that providers might not consider breaches：即医生可能不认为是泄露个人机密的一类。one是代词,代替type,作the other type的同位语，that至breaches是one的定语从句，that在定语从句中作consider的宾语，breaches是宾语补足语。而provider则是指美国经保险公司认可为投保人看病的医生。

练习：

1.All patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibility to expose their HIV status.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

2.Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV status has nothing to do with the curative effects on patients.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

3.Medical workers of an institution cannot freely provide their HTV-patients’ information to those of other institutions.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

4.Whether an HIV-infected patient agrees to other (not his)medical workers’ sharing the information about his HIV status is one of the rights given by the constitution.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

5.Most patients in the study strongly object to the breaches in the confidentiality of their HIV status.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

6.Quite a few patients will firmly defend their own right if such a breach occurs.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

7.Breaches in confidentiality are common in medical circles all over the world.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

答案与题解：

1.B第一段第二句说,“实际上,有些病人如此担心以至于真的要放弃治疗以防止个人隐私被泄露”，这里指的只是some,而不是all,故本题是错误的。

2.B第三段第一句说,“担心泄密必定影响HIV感染者所接受的治疗”，而本题却说它“与疗效无关”(have nothing to do with)，显然是错误的。

3.A第六段说,“法律允许同一单位的医生共同使用病人资料,其他单位的医生必须征得病人同意才能使用这些资料”，故本题是正确的。

4.C本题说“病人是否同意其他医生使用他们的HIV病情资料是宪法赋予的权利之一”，通篇文章只在第六段说必须征得病人同意,而根本没有提到宪法,应属于没有提到的。

5.A本题说“大多数病人强烈反对泄露他们的HIV病情”，这与第七段第二句所说的“他们还认为泄密的医生应该受到惩罚”是相一致的,故应是正确的。

6.B本题说“如果发生泄密,许多病人(注意:quite a few是“相当多”的意思,不是a few:几个)会坚决捍卫自己的权利”，这与第八段所说的“病人常常不愿意采取法律行动,因为这样会进一步暴露其病情”是不一致的,故应是错误的。

7.C本题说“泄密在世界各国的医务界都是常事”。文章第三段虽然指出大部分调查对象都有类似经历或者认识有过类似经历的人,但并没有提及这种事是否在世界范围内常常发生。

译文：对泄漏隐私的担忧影响HIV患者接受治疗

HIV患者经常担心自己的HIV阳性特征的保密性。8月份《艾滋护理》中的一篇报道说，实际上，一些患者如此担忧以至于真的要放弃治疗以防止个人隐私被泄漏。

北卡罗来纳州达勒姆的杜克大学的Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein博士及其同事们把本州乡下的15名HIV患者作为研究对象，研究他们的保密性问题。研究对象被分成若干组，分别用于研究其在保密性这方面的态度、经历及违反情况。

“害怕泄漏隐私势必影响HIV患者接受治疗，”Whetten-Goldstein说道，“大多数病人经历过泄密，或知道有人被泄密过。”

“泄密者有两个类型，”Whetten-Goldstein提到，“第一种泄密更为明显。例子之一就是某人护士由于担心自己的孩子会与病人的孩子一起玩，所以就告诉自己的孩子，这个病人是HIV阳性的病人。”

“第二种泄密更为隐秘，医生可能不认为是泄漏个人机密，”维顿高德斯坦解释说，“这种泄密涉及那些未经患者知晓便讨论其HIV情况的医生们。”

“法律允许同一单位的医生可以共同使用病人资料，其他单位的医生必须征得病人同一才能使用这些材料。”她指出。

“研究表明，当医生与其他医生交流信息时，许多病人想让医生告诉他们且给出原因，”Whetten-Goldstein说道：“他们还认为泄密的医生应受到惩罚。”

“但是由于病人常常不愿意采取法律行动，因为这样会进一步暴露其病情，他们感到这一系统本身需要做出调整。”她补充说。

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