speak [spi:k]  v.(spoke, spoken, speaking)说话,谈话, 发言,演讲(communicate, deliver a speech, express oneself, have a conversation, talk, tell, utter)

speak about...                   说到...

speak for...                     代表…讲话,为...辩护

speak with...                    ...谈话,和...商量

speak to...                      ...发表演说,招呼...

e.g. you speak english pretty well.

 

spend [spend]  v.(spent, spent, spending)花费(invest in),消耗(consume, exhaust),度过(occupy, pass, use up, waste)

spend (money/time)on sth. [in doing sth. ]  v. 在某事上[做某事时]花(时间/金钱)

e.g. he spend less time in reading.

 

spread [spred] n. 伸展,展开,传播

v. (spread, spread, spreading)伸展(broaden, enlarge, expand, extend, lengthen, widen),展开(arrange, display, lay out, unfold),涂(apply, cover a surface with),传播(advertise, broadcast, distribute, give out, pass on, publicize, publish, scatter, transmit)

spread oneself                      舒展四肢, 夸夸其谈

spread out                          展开...

spread to...                        传到..., 蔓延到...

spread... with...                   ...上面涂抹...

e.g. he spread butter黄油 on his bread.

 

stand [stænd]   n. 货摊(booth, stall),看台,立场

v.(stood, stood, standing) 站起(get up, rise)(使)竖立(erect, put up, set up),持久(continue, remain valid, stay),经受(abide, bear, endure, put up with, suffer, tolerate)

stand the test                        经受住考验

stand with...                         ...一致,和...站在一起

stand a chance of...                  ...的希望

stand by(= adhere to/ stay with/ stick to/support)      支持..., 遵守..., 袖手旁观

stand for(=indicate/mean/represent/ signify/ symbolize)         代表..., 象征..., 支持...

stand out(= be obvious/ show/ stick out)           突出, 显眼

stand up for                    支持...

 e.g. i can't stand my poor english!

 

start [stɑ:t]  

n. 动身,出发点(point of departure),开始(beginning, birth, establishment, introduction, launch)

v.出发,开始,创办(begin, create, establish, found, give birth to , introduce, launch, open, set up,)

start a fire                        点火

a fresh start                       新的起点,新的开始

e.g. we must make a new start.

 

state [steit]  

n. 状态(circumstances, situation, condition),国家(country, nation),州

vt.声明,陈述(announce, communicate, declare, express, report, say, speak)

the state of affairs                    事态,情况,形势

state ones views                      陈述自己的观点

e.g. state your name and address.

 

stay [stei]  n.逗留(abide, hang about, wait, settle, reside, stop),支柱;停止

vi. 停留;暂住;停下;坚持

stay single                        保持单身

stay at home                       呆在家里

e.g. the temperature has stayed hot this week

 

steal [sti:l]   v. stole, stolen, stealing)偷,窃取,偷窃

have ones purse stolen              某人的钱包被偷

steal a marriage                 秘密结婚

steal a ride                     偷搭车船, 白坐车船

steal... away                    ...(某物)偷走

steal the show                   抢出风头

e.g. he stole out of the house without anyone seeing him.

 

stick [stik] n. 棍,小树枝,手杖

v. (stuck, stuck, sticking)粘住(adhere, bind , bond, fasten),刺,戳

stick to...                        坚持...

stick out                          伸出

a walking stick                    手杖

chop sticks                        筷子

e.g. the old man could not walk without a stick.

 

stop [stɔp]

n. 停止(conclusion, end, halt, termination, pause),车站(station, destination)

vi.(stopped, stopped, stopping) 停止(break off, cease, conclude, cut off, end, finish, knock off, pause, quit, suspend, terminate),阻止(bar, block, check, delay, frustrate, halt, hamper, interrupt), 停下(draw up, halt, pull up),住(stay)

stop... from...                      阻止某人...

come to a (full) stop                (完全)停止

e.g. they stopped to talk when they met on the street.

 

 

style [stail]  

n.风格,时尚(design, fashion, mode, pattern, taste, type),风度(taste, elegance ),类型

come into style/fashion          变得流行起来

be out of style/fashion          不时髦,不时新

in style                         时髦地,很成功地

e.g. i wouldn't tell lies撒谎 to you; that's not my style.

 

subject ['sʌbdʒikt]  

n. 题目,主题(affair, business, issue, matter, point, question, theme, topic),学科,试验对象(object) vt. 使屈从于...(submit, yield) adj.受制于...的,受...影响的

subject... to...                 使...服从于..., 使...遭受到...

subject oneself to...            蒙受...

subject matter                   主题, 主旨

e.g. how many subjects are you studying this semester(学期)?

 

submit [səb'mit]  

v. (submitted, submitted, submitting)投降(give in, surrender, yield),提交(give in, hand in, present),提出(offer, put forward, state, suggest)

submit a plan                     提出一项计划

submit oneself to...              甘受...,服从...

submit to                         服从...

e.g. we shall never submit to slavery(奴役).  

 

succeed [sək'si:d]   v 成功(be successful, do well, flourish , work, be effective),继...之后,继承(come after, follow, replace, take over from)

succeed in doing sth.               成功地..

e.g. keep upthen you will succeed.

success [sək'ses]  n.成功(successful outcome),成就(accomplishment, achievement, fame, prosperity),胜利(hit, triumph , victory)

e.g. his new book was a great success.

 

suffer ['sʌfə]  vt. 遭受(痛苦,损害, 疾病等) ,忍受(bear, cope with, endure, feel, go through, put up with, stand, tolerate, undergo)

suffer from...                       忍受..., 遭受...

suffer a defeat                      遭受挫败

suffer from a disease                患病

suffer losses                        遭受损失

e.g. they suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.

 

suggest [sə'dʒest]   vt.建议(advise, move, propose, put forward, raise, recommend),使想起,暗示(hint, imply, indicate, mean, signal)

it is suggested that ...           有人提议...

i suggest that ---                 我觉得(认为)-------

e.g. i suggest you do what he says.

 

summit ['sʌmit]  n. 顶点(crown, head, height, peak, point, top),颠峰(high point),最高级会议

summit meeting                     最高级会议,首脑会议

e.g. he is now at the summit of power.

 

supply [sə'plai]   n. 供应(量)(reserve, reservoir , stock, store)

(pl.)供应品(food, equipment)

vt. (supplied, supplied, supplying)

v. 供给,提供(contribute, donate , equip, feed, furnish, give, produce, provide, sell)

supply ... with...                ...供应...

supply and demand                 供求

in short supply                   供应不足

e.g. our food supply has given out.

 

support [sə'pɔ:t]   vt. 承受(bear, carry, hold up, reinforce , strengthen),支持(aid, assist, defend, give support to, stand up for, contribute to), 供养 (bring up, feed, finance, fund, maintain, keep, sustain), 证实(advocate, agree with, argue for, confirm, defend, explain, justify)

n.支撑,支持(aid, backing, contribution, cooperation, encouragement, help, protection),支持者,支柱(foundation, pillar, post)

support oneself                  自谋生计

give support to...               支持...,支援...

in support of...                 帮助/支援...

e.g. he needs a high income to support such a large family.

 

suppose [sə'pəuz]  vt. 推想(assume, believe, guess, infer, postulate, speculate, think),假设(imagine)   conj. 假使...结果会怎样

suppose that...                                       假设...

be supposed to do sth.                         应该...

e.g. we suppose that the situation will improve.

 

surprise  [sə'praiz] 

n.惊讶(alarm, amazement, astonishment, wonder),意想不到的事情

vt. 使诧异,使惊奇(alarm, amaze, astonish, shock, startle, take aback, take by surprise)

be surprised at...           ...感到吃惊

e.g. it was a pleasant surprise to learn of her marriage.

 

survey [sə:'vei]  n. 测量,调查,视察(assessment, census , evaluation, examination, inspection, investigation, study)

vt.测量(measure),调查(appraise, assess , evaluate, examine, inspect, investigate, look over, study, view)

make a survey of...             测量...,对...作调查

survey report                   调查报告

e.g. we stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside.

 

survive [sə'vaiv] v. 继续生存(carry on, continue, endure, keep going, last, live, persist, remain), 从...中逃生(live through)

survive all dangers               历经危难而未死

e.g. if the industry doesn't modernize it will not survive.

 

suspect [səs'pekt]  n. 嫌疑犯

adj. 令人怀疑的(doubtful, questionable, unreliable, suspected)

v.怀疑(distrust, doubt),想(believe, consider, guess, imagine, infer, speculate, suppose, think)

suspect sb. of (a crime)               怀疑某人(犯了...)

suspect patient                         疑似症患者

e.g. everybody suspect she is a spy.

 

switch  [switʃ]   n. 开关,突然转变

v. 改变,更换(change, exchange, replace, shift, substitute)

switch off ...               切断...

switch on ...                接通...

switch to...                 切换到..., 转变成...

e.g. don't switch the radio on yet.