ⅱ、主语＋谓语（不及物动词/不及物）（sv）
e.g. he     has come back. （谓语：不及物动词 + 副词）
主语        谓语
come back: v. 回来， 恢复
 
      e.g. they   laughed at him. （谓语：不及物动词 + 介词短语结构）
    主语      谓语
laugh at    v. 嘲笑, 因...发笑
 
e.g. he tends to throw the ball too high. （谓语：不及物动词 + 不定式结构+ 状语）
主语        谓语
  
相关课堂练习（选自2008年职称英语等级考试综合c考卷）：
ways to reduce exposure to air pollution
 
1 a report published recently brings bad news about air pollution．it suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1 986 ukraine nuclear power plant disaster．the report was published by the uk’s royal commission on environmental pollution．but what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution?  quite a lot，it turns out（“结果是”/省略了to be）．
2 avoid walking in busy streets．choose side streets and parks instead．pollution levels can fall （降低）a considerable（相当多的） amount（数量） just by moving a few meters away from （远离）the main pollution source—exhaust furies(废气)．also don’t walk behind smokers．walk on the windward(顶风的)side of the street where exposure of pollutants(污染物)can be 50 percent less than on the downwind(顺风的)side．
3 sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 1 0 percent，compared with sitting on the side realest the pavement．sitting upstairs on a double—decked(双层电车)can reduce exposure． it is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus．air pollution（空气污染） on underground  trains（地铁） tends to（往往） be less toxic(有毒的)than(比) that at street level，because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles(粒子)thrown up by wheels hitting the rails，while diesel(柴油机)and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants．
4 when you are crossing a road，stand well back from the curb(路缘)while（当...的时候） you wait for（等待） the light（交通等） to change（变化）. every meter really does（的确） count （重要）when you are  close to（接近） traffic（车流）．as（当...的时候） the traffic begins（开始） to move（移动），fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. so holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference，even though it might sound silly（愚蠢的）．
5 there are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours．pollution levels（程度） fall（下降） during nighttime（夜间）．the time of year also makes a big difference．pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring（春天） and autumn（秋天） when winds （风）are freshest（新鲜的）．extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause（造成） a build-up(堆积) of pollutants（污染物质）．

ⅲ、主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语（svo）(o--object)
 
     e.g. i    like    reading english    at home.
主语 谓语    宾语（动名词结构）   状语
 
     e.g. we    have leant    that you would visit your parents tomorrow.
 主语     谓语                   宾语从句
   
    e.g. he      planned     to fly                  to beijing    next week. 
 主语     谓语       宾语（不定式结构）           状语        
 
补充：
有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语，如：agree（同意）, begin（开始）, decide（决定）, determine（决定）, expect（期望）, forget（忘记）, hope（希望）, learn（学会）, like（喜欢）, love（热爱）, mean（打算）, offer（自愿）, plan（计划）, pretend（假装）, promise（许诺）, refuse（拒绝）, regret（遗憾， 抱歉）, remember（记住）, try（试图）, stop（停止）, want（想要）等。
 
       
相关课堂练习（选自2008年职称英语等级考试综合c考卷）：
 
a new（新）immigration（移民） bill(法案)
 
36. one of the reasons for proposing the point system is是
     a.  to give priority to immigrants from china.
     b.  to protect the us from terrorist attacks.
     c.  to increase population.
     d.  to attract skilled immigrants.
37. what do critics on the right say about the proposed point system?
     a. it opposes（反对） family（家庭） unity（团结）.
     b. it is very difficult（困难的） to apply（申请/运用）.
     c. it does not meet（满足） the needs（需要） of high-tech employers.
     d. it opposes（反对） american（美国的） values（价值观）.
38. which statement is not true of the current system?
     a. it is kinship（血族关系）-based（以...为基础的）.
     b. it puts pressure on （给...施加压力）the us（美国）.
     c. it attracts（吸引） highly-educated（受过高等教育的） people.
     d. it draws（吸引） low-skilled（非熟练的） workers（工人）.