职称英语核心语法第三讲
英语基本句子结构
reviewing
ⅰ、主语＋系动词＋表语（svp）相关课堂练习（选自2008年职称英语等级考试综合c考卷）：
petitions
（最后一段）there are（有） about 60 million people in britain．(1)so it is understandable（可以理解的） that the government（政府） wants to find out（查明） what  people are thinking（思考）．(2)but the problem with（关于...的问题） the e-petition site（站点） seems（似乎） to be that the british people have about 70 million opinions（意见），and want the prime minister（首相） to hear（倾听） all of them．perhaps he could start a petition asking everyone to lust shut up for a while．

ⅱ、主语＋谓语（不及物动词/不及物）（sv）
e.g. he     has come back. （谓语：不及物动词 + 副词）
主语        谓语
 
相关课堂练习（选自2008年职称英语等级考试综合c考卷）：
ways to reduce exposure to air pollution
 
（最后一段） there are（有） large sudden（突然的） pollution increases（增加）during rush hours（高峰时间）．(1)pollution levels（程度） fall（下降） during nighttime（夜间）．the time of year also makes a big difference．(2)pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring（春天） and autumn（秋天） when winds （风）are freshest（新鲜的）．extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause（造成） a build-up(堆积) of pollutants（污染物质）．
 
ⅲ、主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语（svo）(o--object)
 
相关课堂练习（选自2008年职称英语等级考试综合c考卷）：
 
ways to reduce exposure to air pollution
 
（最后一段） there are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours．pollution levels fall（下降） during nighttime（夜间）．the time of year（年） also makes（产生） a big difference（不同）．pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring（春天） and autumn（秋天） when winds （风）are freshest（新鲜的）．extreme （极度的）cold or hot weather（天气） has （有）a trapping effect （陷阱效应）and tends to（往往） cause（造成） a build-up(堆积) of pollutants（污染物质）．

ⅳ、主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋间接宾语＋直接宾语（svoo）
e.g. he   gave（给）    me        a book（书）.
主语   谓语      间接宾语      直接宾语
 
     e.g. they informed（通知）   us         that they might（可能） be           主语    谓语             间接宾语          直接宾语         
late（晚的/迟的）.
 
提示：
能用在该结构中的动词较少，复习中需要掌握的有：
call（称呼）, tell(告诉) ,advise(通知), inform (通知), give (给), pass (传递)， hand (传递)， buy(购买)
 
相关课堂练习（选自2008年职称英语等级考试综合c考卷）：
    15．mary just(刚才) told （告诉）us a very fascinating(吸引人的) story（故事）.
    a. strange                   b. frightening
    c. interesting              d. difficult
 
相关课堂练习（选自2008年职称英语等级考试综合c考卷）：
political spins
 
last week，us white house spokesman tony snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries．he called（称呼） recent（近来的） criticism（批评） by the former （以前的）president（总统） bill clinton“chutzpah”(大胆放肆)．with just one sentence，snow managed to make headlines，a joke and a defense of．president george w bush．interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in us politics—with carefully-worded one—liners(一行字幕新闻)made for tv which often lack substance and clarity(清晰度)．
 “the amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually geeing smaller and smaller，”said mark smith，a political science professor at cedarville university．this has been accompanied by a changing media environment，smith said．in 1 968，the average tv or radio sound bite(演讲中的句子或短语)was 48 seconds，according to smith．in 1996，the average sound bite had shrunk(缩短)to 8 seconds．thus，politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible．
campaigning politicians also use 30-second tv ads and clever campaign slogans(口号)to boost their messages．republican presidential candidate john mccain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the” straight-talk express"．mccain hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the troth-whether it's in fashion or not．democratic presidential candidate hillary clinton，on the other hand，has chosen the campaign slogan“let the conversation begin”．she hopes it will help her appear open-minded and friendly．
but one-liners，tv ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient：something commonly called political“spin”．brooks jackson， a former journalist and the current（现在的） director（主管，总裁） of the non—partisan(无党派的)website （网站）fact check．org，calls spin “just a polite（礼貌的） word for deception(欺骗)”.
 "i do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin，"said jackson．
 "strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency：they ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong."