ⅴ、主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语＋补足语（svoc）(c--complement)
e.g. we considered（认为） him to a top student（优等生）.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
e.g. he was considered（被认为） to a top student（优等生）.
主语 谓语 主语补足语
e.g. the news（消息） made（使） him very（非常地） happy（高兴的）.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
“形式宾语结构”
e.g. they find（发现） it difficult（困难的） to answer（回答） the
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 真正的宾语
question（问题）.
提示：
能用于“主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语＋补足语（形容词）”结构的动词不多，典型的有：
make: e.g. make（使...处于某种状态） me happy（高兴的）
keep: e.g. keep（使...处于某种状态） the trees（树） alive（活着的）
leave: e.g. leave（使...处于某种状态） the door（门） open（开着的）
通常要求带to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise（劝告）, allow（允许）, ask（要求）, cause（造成）, consider（认为）, expect（期待）, find（发现）, imagine（想象）, tell（命令）, order(命令)， want（希望）, wish（希望）等。
要求不带“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的动词（一般为表示“感觉”或“使役”的动词）有：feel（觉得）, have（使， 让）,get(使), hear（听见）, let（让）, make（使）, notice（注意到）, see（看见）, watch（看）
help后面的作宾语补足语的不定式带“to”或不带“to”都可以， 如：
help mary wash（洗） her clothes（衣服）
help mary to wash her clothes
相关课堂练习（选自2008年职称英语等级考试综合c考卷）：
stop eating too much（不要吃得太多）
clean your plate! ”and“ be a member of the clean—plate club! "just about every kid in the us has heard this from a parent or grandparent．often，it's accompanied by an appeal：“just think about those starving orphans(孤儿)in africa!”sure，we should be grateful for every bite of food．unfortunately, many people in the us take too many bites． instead of staying“clean the plate”，perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow．
according to news reports，us restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies (肚子)．a waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government；according to a usa today story．americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that． they prefer to have（让） customers（顾客） complain about（抱怨） too much food（食物） rather than（而不是）too little．
barbara rolls，a nutrition(营养)professor at pennsylvania state university, told usa- faddy that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1 970s，the same time that the american waistline(腰围)began to expand．
health experts have tried to get（使） many restaurants（餐馆） to serve（供应） smaller portions（（饭菜的）一份）. now， apparently, some customers are calling for this too．the restaurant industry trade magazine qsr reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4，000 people surveyed believed restaurants served portions that were too large；23 percent had no opinion；20 percent disagreed．but a closer look at the survey indicates that many americans who can’t afford fine dining still prefer large portions．seventy percent of those earn at least $150，000 per year prefer smaller portions；but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25，000 want smaller．
it's not that working class americans don’t want to eat healthy．it's just that，after long hours at low—paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal．they live from paycheck(薪金支票)to paycheck，happy to save a little money for next year’s christmas presents．
31. parents in the united states tend to ask their children
a. to save food for tomorrow. b. to wash the dishes.
c. mottos eat too much. d. not to waste food.
32.why do american restaurants serve large portions?
a. because americans have big bellies.
b. because americans associate quantity with value
c. because americans are good eaters.
d. because americans are too weak.
33. what happened in the 1970s?
a. the us government（政府） called on（号召） its people（人民） to reduce（减少） their weight（体重）.
b. health（健康） experts（专家） persuaded（劝说） restaurants（餐馆） to serve（提供） smaller portions(（饭菜的）一份) .
c. the american waistline started to expand.
d. the united states produced more grain than needed.
34 what does the survey indicate?
a. twenty percent of americans want smaller portions.
b. many low-income amercing want large portions.
c. fifty-seven percent of americans want large portions.
d. forty-five percent of americans want smaller portions
35 which of the following is not true of working class americans?
a. they work long hours.
b. they live from paycheck to paycheck.
c. they want to save money for presents.
d. they don't want to be healthy eaters.