1． 位于句子开头；

2． 名词性结构（单个名词， 名词短语（还包括动名词结构， 不定式结构，名词性从句）或代词（人称代词主格形式，不定代词，疑问代词（who）, it(提示：句子主语是it时要考虑it句型的可能性）；

3． 主语后出现了与主语在“人称和数”上保持一致的谓语动词；

e.g. he is going abroad（到国外）. (he 与 is 都是单数形式)
e.g. they are playing football.　(they 与 are 都是复数形式)

 

但是在一些句子中, 句子的主语需要小心识别，如：

no one（没有人） except（除了） two students（学生） was late（迟的， 晚的）.  (主语是no one)

 

主语中含有附带成份（如： except， along with, together with, including, in addition to 等）时, 要注意识别出句子真正的主语。

each（每个） of ushas something（某事） to say（说）.  

when we’ll go out for camping（露营）has been decided（决定）.

 

不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it
提示：

用连词or, either.... or(或者…或者), neither….nor（既不....也不...）, not only….but also (不但…而且…)等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。

 

 

谓语说明主语的情况、提供新的信息，谓语的位置相对来说是固定的，它总是位于主语的后面。谓语可以分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。

i like （喜欢）reading（阅读）.

hurry up(赶紧)!

 

复合谓语也可分为两种情况：

第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：
what does this word（词） mean（意味）?
i won't do it again（再次）.
i'll go（去） and move away（移走） the bag（袋子） of rice（大米）.

 

第二种是由系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如：
you look the same（一样）.

i feel terrible（糟糕的， 可怕的）.

  

例如：(划线部分是谓语)

 

1. his parents are teachers . （系动词和表语一起作谓语）

 

2. we study hard. （行为动词作谓语）

 

3. we have finished reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）

 

4. he can speak english. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）

 

1． 出现在句子主语的后面；

2． 与句子主语保持人称和数的一致性；

3． 以某种时态的形式出现；

4． 行为动词的前面出现了助动词或情态助动词；

 

 

 

petitions

    （1）petitions(请愿，请愿书)have long been a part （部分）of british（英国） political life（政治生活）．（2）anyone who wanted to change something would get a list of signatures（签名） frompeople who agreed to the idea and either send（递送）them to the government（政府） or deliver （递送）them personally（亲自地） to the prime minister’s house（官邸） in london．

    （3）they are （总是） accepted （接收）at the door by one of the pm's officials（官员）．（4）what happens（发生） then（然后）? （5）nothing much（非常少）(省略happens) ，usually（通常）．（6）but petitions have （总是） been thought of as（一直被看作）a useful（有用的） way for those who govern to find out what the people really think． alwaysalways

    （7）that’s why the uk government launched its“e—petition”site in november 2006．（8）instead of（不是...） physically collecting(收集) signatures，all anyone with an idea has to do now is to make a proposal on the government website，and anyone who supports the idea is free to add his or her signature．

   （9）the petitions soon started to flow in．（10）the idea was for the british people to express their constructive ideas．（11）many chose （选择）instead（代替） to express their sense of humor．  

    （12）one petitioner called on  tony blair to stop the deputy prime minister eating so much”．（13）another wanted to expel(驱逐)scotland from the united kingdom because scottish football fast never support england in the world cup．

    （14）other petitioners called on the prime minister to abolish the monarchy．（15）some wanted to give it more power．（16）some wanted to oppose the united states．（17）others wanted to leave the european union．（18）some wanted to send more troops to iraq and others wanted them all brought home．（19）some wanted to adopt the euro(欧元)．（20）others wanted to keep the pound．

    （21）yet if some petitions are not serious. （22）others present a direct challenge to government policy．（23）a petition calling on the government to drop plans to charge drivers for using roads has already drawn around 1．8 million signatures．（24）in response to that，a rival petition has been posted in support of road pricing．and that is also rapidly growing．

（25）there are about 60 million people in britain．（26）so it is understandable that the government wants to find out what people are thinking．（27）but the problem with the e-petition site seems to be that the british people have about 70 million opinions，and want the prime minister to hear all of them．（28）perhaps he could start a petition asking everyone to lust shut up for a while．