new class：
（一） 主谓结构
一、主语
1．主语：主语是一个句子的主题，是一个句子所述说的主体。主语一般都放在句首。
2．能够构成主语的：
名词：
the building was built in 1980. (单个名词)
tow-thirds of young teachers are women (名词短语)
to beijing is not very far.（介词短语）
代词:
they are my good friends. （人称代词）
nobody knows where he is . (不定代词)
who is coming? (疑问代词)
数词：three is enough.
动名词：reading english is easier than speaking it.
不定式：to find your way can be a problem.
从句： whenever you are ready will be fine.
二、谓语
1．谓语：是用来说明主语的情况，为主语提供信息的，谓语一般都放在主语之后。
谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。
2．简单谓语：
由一个动词或者动词词组构成
i doubt it .
what happened?
she likes yellow.
the plane took off at ten o’clock.
3．复合谓语：a 情态动词，助动词+动词原型
can you explain解释 this sentence?句子
no one dare speak of 说到谈及it。
i don’t know.
he will help me solve 解决the problem.问题
he was found 发现lying 躺on the floor.地板
b是系动词+表语构成的复合谓语
my book is on the desk
it sounds a good idea.好注意
roses smell sweet.香甜
练习：
1．找出句子中的主语：
(1) rowing 划船is my favourite最喜欢的 sport.运动
(2) something must be done
(3) to cross穿过 from one end to the other这边到另一边 was difficult困难的 because of因为 the water.
2．找出谓语
(1) he could heart听到 two person 人talking 谈话in the room.在房间里面
(2) two young 年轻的girls came by.过来
(3) my lady我夫人 keeps a list of the names一份名单 in a little red book.
(4) he turned变成 pin and pale苍白的 during期间 this speech.演讲
提示：谓语如何辨别：
1．出现在主语后面
2．有人称上数的变化，
3．有时态的变化
4．在一些助动词，情态动词后面。
（二）主语和谓语的一致
一、语法一致：要求主语和谓语一致
1）主语是单数，谓语也是单数；主语是复数，谓语也必须是复数。
the child is playing outside.外面
the chidren are playing outside.
2) 如果主语是抽象的概念，谓语一般都用单数。
smoke is harmful 有害的to your body.身体
five plus four equals等于 nine.
二、意念要一致：
1）the family were watching tv last night.
the family has been here for many years.
my family was very poor.
my family are quiet well,now.
2）一些集体名词，单复数形式相同：police military（军队、自卫队）personnel（全体人员，全体职工），cattle(家畜)
等做主语，谓语用复数形式
the police are going to question询问 him.
our personnel are very highly trained.
3) 由and 连接的两个名词时，指一样东西用单数，指两样东西用复数。
iron and steel industry 工业plays an important role起着重要的作用 in our national economy.国家经济
the red and the white rose are both beautiful.
4）主语是单数，后面接with和 ,together with和 ,as well as以及 ,except除了，including 包含 in addition to 除---以外等词，谓语单数（只是附加成分起到修饰）
john, together with his wife ,was at the party.
no one 没有人 except 除了them speaks说 some chinese.汉语
5）由 each, some, any ,no ,every构成的代词做主语，谓语单数。
everybody was glad 高兴to see her back.返回
somebody wants to see me.
there is really真正地，实在 nothing to be said.要说
6）由 both ,some ,many ,few, all 后的谓语都用复数
both of them are chinese.中国人。
all the students are girls.
7) 不定式短语，动名词，短语，从句做主语是，谓语一般用单数。
no news消息 is good news.
in the evening is best for me.
whether 是否we should have a test测试 has been decided.（决定)
8）在，or 或者 ,either---or----两者选一的---,neither----nor----既不也不，,not only---but also----不仅，而且，等连接的两个并列主语，谓语动词采用就近一致的原则。
he or i am in the wrong.
not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying喜欢the film.电影
neither he nor they are mistaken.错误。