一、review:

肯定形式：
一般现在时态：
                ↗ is           ↗do                                    ↗have
             be → am      动词                                       have
               ↘ are          ↘does 第三人称单数                      ↘has 第三人称单数

现在进行时态：  
                  
                     ↗   is
                  be →   am      +现在分词
                     ↘   are
 
现在完成时态：   
                       ↗have
                  have              +   过去分词
                       ↘has
 
否定形式：  
一般现在时态：   be+not     加上助动词don’t   doesn’t
现在进行时态：   be +not +现在分词
现在完成时态：   have (has)+not +过去分词
 
疑问形式：
一般现在时态：   把be 提前      加上助动词do (does)
现在进行时态：   把be 提前
现在完成时态：   把have (has)提前

(四)一般过去时态

构成： 动词用过去式

1 基本用法：过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：
a minute ago 刚才，yesterday 昨天，last week/month/year, 上周/ 月 / 年，in +年，during the night在夜晚，just now 刚才等时间状语连用。（时间一定是过去的某个具体时间。）

e.g. my grandfather died last year.
      i finished my work yesterday.
      
2 构成：

①肯定形式：a 动词过去式／规则 v +ed
                    ＼不规则
           be       was   /   were
             ↙             ↘
    第一，第三人称单数     其他人称
 
 
1、 the policemen警察 acted 行动quickly 快速because lives幸存 were at stake危险当中

2 、the chairman 主席proposed 建议that we stop the meeting. 

3、 she was close to success.成功

4、at midnight, we were aroused惊醒 by a knock at the door.

5、it was obvious 明显的that she was not going home．回家

在一些叙述性文字（比如小说，故事）等常常用过去时态。

② 否定形式： a 主语＋didn’t +v 原形
               b 主语＋was/were +not
 
e.g.  the chairman 主席didn’t propose建议that we stop the meeting.
       she wasn’t close to success.成功

③ 一般疑问句形式：   did ＋主语＋动词原形

    e.g. didthe chairman 主席propose 建议that we stop the meeting?
         was she close to success?成功

2009年理工类c级阅读理解

when 33-year-old pete barth was in college大学, shopping at second-hand clothing stores在二手服装店里购物 was just something he did -"like像 changing the tires轮胎 on his car." he looked at his budget收支预算 and decided he could save 节省a lot of money by 通过shopping for clothes at thriftshops.旧货商店

（五）过去进行时态

 构成： was/were+v+ing   正在进行的动作

1 基本用法： 过去某一时刻或者某一阶段正在进行的动作，通常都和表示过去的时间状语连用。

 e.g. i was writing a letter at eight o’clock yesterday evening.
      they were thinking of 想起you all those years.

2 构成: 
   肯定形式：               was /were +v+ing.
   否定形式：               was/were+not+ving
   一般疑问句形式： was /were +主语＋ving 

e.g.   i was writing a letter at eight o’clock yesterday evening.
i wasn’t writing a letter at eight o’clock yesterday evening.
were you writing a letter at eight o’clock yesterday evening?
      
they were thinking of 想起you all those years.
    they weren’t thinking of 想起you all those years
    were they thinking of 想起you all those years?
 
2002年综合类c级阅读理解

　                                         up in smoke
i began to 开始smoke 吸烟when当――时候 i was in high school高中. in fact实际上, i remember 记得the evening晚上 i was at a girlfriend's 女朋友的house房间, and we were watching a movie电影-a terribly可怕的 romantic浪漫的 movie. he (the hero 男主角of the movie) was in love恋爱中, she (his lady) was beautiful, and they wereboth smoking. my friend had only仅仅 two cigarettes香烟from a pack烟盒 in her mother's purse钱包, and she gave one to me. it was my first time.

（六）过去完成时态


构成： had +动词过去分词   过去的过去


1 基本用法：

过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作（过去的过去），往往和by ,before 等介词引导过去时间连用。

e.g. by the end of last year到去年年末为止, i had collected收集 more than多于超出 a thousand foreign 外国的stamps.邮票

she found发现 she had left留 her case 箱子on the train.火车

before daybreak黎明 ,they had already wiped out消灭 all the enemytroops.敌军

the play 电影had already已经 started开始 when we got to 进入the treater.电影院

2 构成：

肯定形式： had +动词过去分词

否定形式： had +not +动词过去分词

一般疑问形式：   had ＋主语＋动词过去分词
 
before daybreak黎明 ,they had already wiped out消灭 all the enemy troops.敌军

before daybreak黎明 ,they hadn’t wiped out消灭 all the enemy troops.敌军

before daybreak黎明 , had they already wiped out消灭 all the enemy troops?敌军
 
the play 电影had already已经 started开始 when we got to 进入the treater.电影院

the play 电影hadn’t已经 started开始 when we got to 进入the treater.电影院

had the play 电影already已经 started开始 when we got to 进入the treater?电影院
 
 

练习：09年卫生类a级阅读理解

i immediately立刻 thought意识到 that it was probably 可能her imagination想象力, and that he had not actually实际上 done it on 

purpose有目地的. he had been there about a month at the time and had never从不 made any movements 活动on purpose. i asked her 

what had happened and she said, "1 asked him to squeeze 紧握my hand and he did!"