动名词：动词 + ing形式，没有人称和数的变化，但是有时态、语态的变化。

 

	主动语态	被动语态
一般式	working	being worked
完成式	having worked	having been worked

 

动名词具有名词的特性，可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。

1、作主语：

⑴ finding work is difficult 困难的these days.

   travelling abroad 国外旅行can be very exciting.令人兴奋的

⑵ it 作形式主语的句子。

① it’s no use / no good / fun 等名词+doing

   it’s no use crying.

② it’s + adj + doing (useless、nice、good、interesting)

   it’s so nice sitting here with you.

   it’s nice seeing you again.

2、作表语：用在系动词后

   her hobby爱好 is painting.绘画

   his favorite最喜欢的 sport 运动is skiing.滑雪

动名词作表语是与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构不同。

   her job was washing clothes.  ------动名词

   she was washing clothes.   -------现在分词

①     be 动词意义不同：动名词的be 动词译为“是”；系动词现在分词前的be没有意义是助动词，用来构成一种时态。

②     ing意义不同：动名词说明主语的性质、状态、特征等；现在分词则表示主动发出的动作。

③     主语、表语可互换就是动名词。

washing clothes was her job.                her job was washing clothes.

3、作宾语：动词或者介词后面

   i suggested bringing the meeting to an end.  

   he didn’t recall 回忆saying it.

⑴ 常用动名词作宾语的动词有：

   admit承认、avoid避免、consider考虑、deny否认、enjoy喜欢、finish完成、keep保持、mind介意、postpone延期、recall回忆、require需要、suggest建议、stop停止、give up 放弃、insist on 坚持

⑵ 既可接doing，也可接 to do.

   attempt企图、begin考试、continue继续、forget忘记、hate憎恨、help帮助、learn学会、like喜欢、love热爱、prefer更喜欢、mean意味、need需要、regret后悔、remember记得、propose建议、start开始、stop停止、try努力尝试、want想要

                                                                                                                

try doing sth 试着做某事  try to do sth  企图、试图做某事	reget doing sth  懊悔做过某事 reget to do sth  遗憾地做某事
remember doing sth  记得做过某事    remember to do sth   记住要去做某事	forget doing sth  忘记做过某事 forget to do sth  忘记要去做的某事
quit / stop doing sth 停止做某事 quit /stop to do sth  停下来去做某事	propose doing sth  建议做某事 propose to do sth  打算做某事

                                                                                      

want、need两者都可以接，但接动名词往往有被动的含义

   your hair 头发wants cutting. 修理

       the pants 裤子need pressing.熨烫

⑶ 也可以做介词的宾语

   she insisted on 坚持writing at once.立刻

   he never complained 抱怨about working overtime.超时

⑷ be + adj + prep.(介词) + doing

   i was afraid of 恐怕making them uneasy.心神不安的

   he was excited at hearing the news.

4、作定语：动名词+名词

   everybody was at his fighting post.战斗岗位

   they set up建立设立an operating table in a small temple.寺庙

   其中： an operating table = a table for operating

          a fighting post = a post for fighting.

5、动名词的复合结构：动名词可以和名词属格、物主代词、人称代词宾格构成复合结构，这种复合结构是动名词的逻辑主语。

   i can’t bear忍受 his staying up 熬夜so late.

   mary’s having seen them did not surprise惊奇 us.

   you say nothing about us calling.呼叫