ⅱ、主动句转换为被动句:
英语语态之间的转换容易成为职称英语完成句子题部分的考点, 因此在复习中需要掌握主动语态和被动语态之间的转换方法。 主动句变为被动句是通过这样转换而实现的:
第一步:把主动句的宾语转换为被动句的主语;
第二步:把主动句的谓语换成被动语态;
第三步:把主动句的主语前加by构成短语,放在被动语态的谓语之后。此by...短语根据需要而定,有时可以省略。
如: we use coal to heat homes.
动作执行者(主语) 谓语 宾语(动作承受者) 状语
coal is used by us to heat homes.
动作承受者 谓语 动作执行者 状语
注:
①带有介词或副词的短语动词,如call on(号召, 拜访), carry out(执行,完成), look after, take care of等用被动语态时,应视为不可分割的一部分,后面的介饲或副词不能丢掉,如:
主动句:grandma looks after my younger brother well. 奶奶把我弟弟照顾得很好。
被动句:my younger brother is well looked after (by my grandma).我弟弟受到了我奶奶很到的照顾。
(选自2006年职称英语考试综合类(c级)考题)
nice name but she's so deadly
1 more than a million people in the united states were told to leave their homes over the weekend as hurricane (飓风) dennis headed to the gulf coast, after killing at least 15 people in the caribbean sea.
2 if you read the news often enough=, you may notice that all hurricanes are given names. why is that? remember, there can be more than one hurricane operating at one time. without naming them, we could get confused about which storm we're talking about.
3 for hundreds of years, hurricanes in the caribbean were named after the particular religious day on which they occurred. one australian meteorologist (气象学家) began giving women's names to tropical storms at the end of the 19th century. in 1953, the us national weather service, which is responsible for tracking hurricanes and issuing warnings, began using female names for storms. by i979, both women and men's names were being used. one name for each letter of the alphabet (字母表) is selected, except for q, u and z.
4 so who decides which names are used' each year? the world meteorological organization uses six lists in rotation, so each list is reused every six years.
5 here's a list of the 2005 atlantic hurricanes, according to the us national hurricane centre: arlene, bret, cindy, dennis, emily, franklin, gert, harvey, irene, jose, katrina, lee, maria, nate, ophelia, philippe, rita, stan, tammy, vince, wilma.
23 paragraph 1
24 paragraph 2
25 paragraph 3
26 paragraph 4
a reason for naming hurricanes
b warning of an approaching hurricane
c deadly women
d history of naming hurricanes
e organization responsible for naming hurricanes
f ways to track hurricanes
27 over a million people were warned not .
28 the responsibility of the us national weather service is .
29 hurricanes are given names .
30 at the end of the 19th century, women's names started .
a to track hurricanes and issue warnings
b to avoid confusion
c to stay at home
d to be given to tropical storms
e to make predictions
f to kill at least 15 people
该文章后的4道完成句子题中有3道(27题,29题和30题 )涉及到被动语态结构, 而第30题的考点就是考察主动语态与被动语态之间的转换。
30. d. 解析:30题所在的句子说“十九世纪末, 女性的名字开始...”。本题依据是第三段的第二句话:one australian meteorologist began giving women’s names to tropical storms at the end of the 19th century.(十九世纪末,一位澳大利亚的气象学家开始用女性的名字来给热带风暴命名)。显然答案应该是d(被给予热带风暴)。
主动语态: one australian meteorologist began giving women’s names to tropical storms
被动语态: women’s names started to be given to tropical names (by one australian meteorologist)
(参考答案:23:b; 24:a; 25:d; 26:e; 27:c; 28:a; 29:b;30:d)