补充:
1. 关系代词which, who, whom, that如果在从句中作宾语,可以省略。
1. 关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句中谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词一致。
2. 在下列情况下一般用that做为定语从句的引导词:
a.先行词为all(全部), everything(每件事情/动词), nothing(没有), anything(任何事/东西), little(少许)等不定代词时,如:
everything(that)we saw at the exhibition(展览会) was very interesting(有趣的).
 
b、先行词为序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。如:
 the first(第一) thing(that)you have to do is to register(登记注册).
 
 this is the most exciting(令人兴奋的) football(足球) game(比赛) (that) i have ever seen(看).

ⅱ关系副词引出限制性定语从句
关系副词when指时间、where指地点,why指原因,它们引出的定语从句分别用来修饰表示时间、地点、原因的先行词如day(天), time(时间), place(地方), building(建筑物), reason(原因)等。这些关系副词在从句中均做状语,如:
 
 air(空气) conditioning(调节) is very important(重要的) in some industries(工业部门) where special(特殊的) conditions must be kept(保持). 
 
do you know the reason(原因) why things(东西) don’t fall off(掉离) the earth(地球)?

ⅲ介词+which(whom)引出限制性定语从句
这种定语从句在修饰人时,介词后只用whom,修饰物时只用which,而不用that,如:
 the man with whom i share(共享)the room(房间) is a young(年轻的) teacher(老师).
 
 this is the shelf(书架) on which i keep(保存) my books(书).

2.非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系比较松散,从句只对先行词附加说明,没有该从句句子的意思仍然完整。 主句与从句之间常用逗号隔开, 翻译时一般分译成两个句子。所用关系代词与限制性定语从句基本相同,但that一般不用于非限制性定语从句。 如:
 
the professor(教授) introduced(介绍) me to his students(学生), most of whom were from abroad(海外). (whom指代his students)
 
they rowed(划船) across the atlantic(大西洋), which had never been done(做) before. (which指代前面整个句子的内容)