ⅰ、条件句中的虚拟语气
1.构成
含有条件状语从句的句子称为条件句。如果所表示的条件是真实的,或者完全可能实现的,则称为真实条件句,其主句和从句的谓语都用陈述语气,如:
you may be blamed(指责, 批评) if you make the same(相同的) mistake (错误)again(再次).
如果条件句表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时,则称为虚拟条件句,其主句和从句的谓语就要用虚拟语气,现以动词give和tell为例列表如下:
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条件从句
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主句
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与现在事实相反的假定
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gave
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should + tell
would + tell
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与过去事实相反的假定
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had + given
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should + have + told
would + have + told
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推测未来不可能实现或实现可能性很小的假定
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should + give
were to + give
gave
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should + tell
would + tell
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注:
① 在与现在事实相反的假设条件从句中谓语为be时,一般不分人称,多用过去式的复数形式were。如主语为第一、三人称单数时,也可用was (但“if i were you…”中只能用were)