2.用法
(1) 与现在事实相反的假定,如:
if the sun stopped (停止)radiating(发射出(光,热), 辐射) heat(热) and light(光), life(生命) on earth(地球) would be impossible(不可能的) .
 
if i were you, i should start (开始)packing(收拾行李) now.
 
(2) 与过去事实相反的假定,如:
if you had started your work(工作) earlier(更早地), you would have finished(完成) it. (would: 要, 会, 就会, 将要)
 
 (3) 推测未来不可能实现或实现可能性很小的假定。如:
if i should live(生活) in the twenty-second century(世纪), i would spend (度过)my vacation(假期)on the moon(月球).
 
注:
1.虚拟条件除用从句表示外,还可以通过介词短语等来表示,这时句中动词也用虚拟语气,如:
without dust(灰尘), there would be no clouds(云) and no rain(雨).
 
but for(要不是) your cooperation(合作), my business(企业) would have collapsed(垮掉).
 
2.虚拟条件句中如果出现了were, had或should等词,通常引起部分倒装,但如从句中没有were, had或should,则不能这样做。如:
e.g. had he come home(回家), he would have met(遇见) his mother(母亲).
←←←← if he had come home, he would have met his mother.

虚拟语气的其他常见用法
1.在表示愿望、建议、要求、命令等含义的动词后所带的宾语从句及由这些动词派生的同根名词后面出现的主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句中的谓语一般用虚拟语气,即“should +动词原形”或只用动词原形。这类从句常见的动词有:demand(要求), request(要求), require(要求), propose(建议), suggest(建议), recommend(建议), move (提议), order(命令), command(命令), insist(坚决主张/要求) 等, 如:
we all(全部) insist(坚持主张) that we(should) not rest(休息) until we finish the work.
 
2.某些形容词后面的主语从句的谓语用虚拟语气
it is necessary(必要的) (important(重要的), essential(必要的), advisable(明智的),better(更好的))等句型中的主语从句中,谓语一般用“should +动词原形”或只用动词原形, 如:
e.g. it is essential(必要的)  that men in space(太空) should take (携带)their own(自己的) air(空气) with them in order to (为了)breathe(呼吸).
 
虚拟语气的其他常见用法
 
3.在“it is (high, about) time + 从句”的结构中,从句结构由连接词that引导, that也可以省略掉,从句谓语动词用过去式。该结构可理解为“该是做...的时候了”, 如:
it’s (about) time (that) the children(孩子们) went to bed(上床睡觉).

l         形容词和副词的比较级结构
 
    英语中的形容词或副词在构成比较级或最高级时会出现规则变化和不规则变化两种形式, 进行规则变化时还需要根据单词的音节数进行区分:
 
单音节形容词及副词比较级及最高级的构成形式:
在单音节形容词及副词后及少数双音节形容词和少数副词原级后, 加-er(构成比较级), -est(构成最高级)。
cold(寒冷的, 冷淡的) – colder – coldest
small (小的)– smaller – smallest
 
dry(干的, 干燥的) – drier – driest
hot(热的, 热情的, 辣的) – hotter – hottest
 
pretty(漂亮的) – prettier – prettiest
 
hard(努力地,辛苦地) – harder – hardest