2015年美国CPA《财务会计与报告》知识点(9)
1st.计算Basic EPS
2nd.计算Additional C/S(按合同约定)
3rd. 计算Additional N/I.对Bonds，增加了Interest X(1-tax rate)。对P/S，无影响。
4th.计算 If-converted的EPS
5th. 取min(basic EPS，if-converted EPS)
存在多种潜在稀释证券时的计算顺序(同时有option，convertible P/S，convertible bonds)
独立原则。各种证券互不影响，互相独立。
按稀释性大小，先算稀释性最大的。实务中通常稀释性从大到小为option and warrants，convertible P/S，convertible bonds.
计算顺序的逻辑–稳健性原则。告诉投资人一个最小的Dilutive EPS.
Dilution from contracts that may be settled in cash or stock.
GR：presumed to be settled in C/S.
SR：Included in diluted EPS
逻辑–稳健性原则。告诉投资人一个最小的Dilutive EPS.
Dilution from contingent shares.
Contingent issuable shares depend on some future event or on certain conditions being met.
If all conditions for issuance are met，contingent shares are also included in BASIC EPS as of the beginning of the period in which the conditions were satisfied.
If NOT，contingent shares are also included in Dilutive EPS.
Disclosures of EPS
Reconciliation of the numerators and the denominators of the basic and diluted EPS.
The effect of P/S dividend(in arrears)
Potentially dilute EPS but not included
Subsequent issues which may effect EPS
Cash flow amount per share are NOT disclosed
Summary of EPS(F7-31)重要
FAR F7-3 Statement of cash flows
Cash flow statement(C/F)is composed by：
operating cash flows(CFO)，which is from transactions reported on the I/S，and Current assets and current liabilities.
Investing cash flows(CFI)，which is from noncurrent assets.
Financing cash flows(CFF)，which is from debt and equity.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash is defined as actual cash(i.e.，currency and demand deposits)
Cash equivalents are defined as short-term，liquid investment，that are：
Quickly convertible into specific amounts of cash
So near maturity that the risk of changes in the value because of interest rate changes is insignificant.
CFO+CFI+CFF=the end cash and cash equivalent-the begin cash and cash equivalent
Methods of presenting the statement of C/F
The direct method(encourage)
The indirect method
Direct / Indirect method only different on CFO.The CFI & CFF is the same.
Under the direct method，the CFO shows the major classes of operating cash receipts and disbursements.A reconciliation of NI to CFO is required to be provided in a separate schedules under U.S. GAAP.
Indirect method CFO=NI+Noncash Expense/Loss–Noncash Income/Gains+Increase in operating liabilities–Increase in operating assets.
间接法下的正负号的逻辑：
现金及等价物是资产。
同性相斥，异性相吸。
资产的增加，减少CFO.
负债的增加，增加CFO.
CFO involve producing goods and delivering services to customers.
All transactions not categorized as CFI & CFF are categorized as CFO.
Direct method–categories to report
Cash received from customers=Revenue+increase in unearned revenue–increase in AR
Interest received
Dividend received
Direct method–categories to report(Cont‘)
Other operating cash receipts
Cash received from the sales of trading securities
Cash paid to suppliers and employees=COGS+increase in inventory–increase in A/P+salaries and wages expense–increase in wages payable
Interest paid
Direct method–categories to report(Cont‘)
Income taxes paid
Cash paid to acquire trading securities
Other operating cash payments=other operating expenses+increase in prepaid expenses–increase in accrued liabilities.
Indirect Method–adjustment to NI
All deferral of past operating cash receipts and disbursements.
All accruals of expected future operating cash receipts and disbursements.
All items that are included in NI that do NOT affect operating cash receipts and disbursements.
Indirect method CFO=NI+Noncash Expense/Loss–Noncash Income/Gains+Increase in operating liabilities–Increase in operating assets.
Indirect method CFO=“CLAD”
Current assets and liabilities
Losses and gains
Amortization and depreciation
Deferred items
Short-Cut Cash Flow Effects
同性相斥，异性相吸
Changes in debit balance accounts will have the opposite effect on cash flows
Changes in credit balance accounts will have the same effect on cash flows
Gains and Losses–CFI
Gains are subtracting from NI
Losses are adding to NI
Investing Activities include cash flows from the purchase or sale of NONCURRENT assets.
Making loans to other entities
Purchasing or disposing of trading，AFV，HTM
Acquiring or disposing of PP&E
Acquiring under acquisition method using cash.
Financing activities include cash flow from noncurrent liability and equity activities.
Obtaining resources from owners(issue stock)
Providing owners with return(dividend)
Obtaining resources from creditors(bonds)
Payments of principal on amount borrowed
Non cash investing and financing activities should be provided separately in a supplemental disclosure. Include：
A purchase of PP&E by issuance of stock
Conversion of bonds to equity
Acquiring assets through a capital lease obligation
The exchange of one noncash asset for another noncash asset
Summary of cash flow classifications of individual transactions (F7-38)。重要。
IFRS differences in reporting cash flow(F7-39)
Interest received
Interest paid
Dividends received
Dividends paid
Tax paid
FAR F7-Appendix I Ratio Analysis
Liquidity Ratios
Activity Ratios
Profitability Ratios
Long–term Debt-Paying Ability Ratios
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