关于这个问题，这几年外界观点很多，大致有这么几种：

People in the West tend to look at China from many different perspectives:

一是“威胁论”。根据西方近代史上的经验，“国强必霸”，因此西方一些人认为中国的发展是威胁，世界政治格局的演变是一种零和游戏，你升我降，你兴我衰，中国的“韬光养晦”政策就是“卧薪尝胆”。持这种观点的人去年非常得意，他们自以为找到了新的例证，将中国在南海、钓鱼岛问题上正当维护自己主权的行动视作“强硬”，认为中国外交已经开始咄咄逼人。我想，我们还是应该听听美国国务卿克林顿上周是如何评价这种观点的：“在亚太和美国，有人把中国的增长看成是威胁，或将导致冷战式冲突，或将使美国衰败”，“我们不接受这些看法”。事实上，坚持原则立场同是否强硬是两码事，国家之间打交道，重要的是看是否占“理”，“理直”才能“气壮”，“理屈”自然“词穷”。维护国家的主权、安全和发展利益，这就是中国外交的“理”，也是国际关系中的“理”。

Some see China as a threat. They look at the modern history of Western nations and conclude that "Rising powers are bound to seek hegemony".They see the shifting balance in the international political landscape with a zero-sum mentality. They believe China is "hiding its capabilities and biding its time" before pressing forward to dominate the region and ultimately the world. They point to recent acts by China to safeguard its sovereignty in the East and South China Seas as evidence of China's assertiveness. Let me quote from Secretary Hilary Clinton, who spoke about this just last week–"Some in the region and some here at home see China's growth as a threat that will lead either to Cold-War-style conflict or American decline. …We reject those views." I believe upholding principles and being assertive are two different things. What really matters is whether a country is on the right side. You can only make a strong case with good reasons. For China, safeguarding its interests in sovereignty, security and development is the right thing to do. This is a major principle in China's foreign policy, and is also a principle in international relations.

二是“责任论”，说是责任论，实际上是说中国“不负责任”。他们认为中国作为国际体系的一份子，享受了现行体系的好处，如经济全球化和贸易自由化，但没有做到也不愿去尽一个大国的责任，权利与责任不平衡，实力与作用不匹配，中国只是在“搭便车”。持这种观点的人眼里就盯着气候变化、朝核、世界经济失衡等几个问题，其实就拿这几个问题来指责中国“不负责任”也显得苍白无力。比如，朝鲜半岛局势最近出现缓和，大家公认中国再次发挥了积极作用。更何况，中国积极参与国际经济金融体系改革和治理，积极参加联合国维和行动和打击海盗，积极推动气候变化、国际发展等全球性问题的解决。

Some believe China should take up more international responsibilities. These people complain that China has not fully honoured its obligations. They believe that China free-rides the current international system. It benefits significantly from globalisation and trade liberalisation, but is reluctant to assume the responsibilities of a major power. They criticize China for lack of responsibility in climate change, the Korean nuclear issue and global economic imbalances, etc. Nothing could be further from the truth. China has played an active role recently in easing tensions on the Korean Peninsula. China is taking an active part in the reform of the internationa

（责任编辑：中大编辑）

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