学位英语

The World’s Longest Bridge

Rumor has it that1 a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily. 1

When completed in 2010, the world’s longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic — and stretch 5 kilomerers long. “that’s nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built,” says structural engineer Shane Rixon. 2

They’re suspension bridges, massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges. A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure’s mammothweight, thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,00-ton towers, which will support most of the bridge’s load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built. When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers. 3

Getting these cables up will be something2. It’s not just their length — totally 5.3 kilometers — but their weight. 4

After lowering vertical “suspender” cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck — wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The deck’s weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons — equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential. 5

A Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds.

B What do the world’s longest bridges have in common?

C If true, one day you might spy the beast while zipping (呼啸而过) across the Messina Strait Bridge.

D They’re what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.

E The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires.

F They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons — more than-half the bridge’ s total mass.

答案与题解：

1. C 选项 C 中有一个关键词 beast，与第一句的 monster 相呼应。所以， C 是正确答 案。

2. B 第二段第二句的主语是 They。由于表语是 suspension bridges，They 替代的一 定是前面句子出现过的 bridges。六个选项中，只有 B 含有 bridges。填在第三段段首， 意思连贯。

3. E“空 3”前面的句子有 the first job 这几个词。有 first，必有 second/then。 六个选项中只有 E 含有 The second job。所以，E 是答案。

4. F “空 4”前面的句子说的是，把这些吊索吊高定位是有难度的，不仅仅由于它们 很长，还由于它们很重。 F 具体地介绍了它们的重量，应该是“空 4”前面的句子的后续 句。

5. D “空 5”前面的句子说的是，桥桩很重要。为什么很重要呢? D 解释了桥桩的作 用，意义连贯，所以是答案。

Avalanche and Its Safety

An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are 1 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.

All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 2 supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 3 an avalanche, 4 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.

Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 5 of avalanche. Snow does not 6 significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not 7 easily on fiat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest1 is 8 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb2 is: A slope that is 9 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally3, avalanche risk increases with 10 ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.

Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry4 is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous 11 , including route selection and examination to the snowpack, weather 12 , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also 13 the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 14 to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 15 or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.

练习:

1. A among B of C to D in

2. A when B that C who D whose

3. A mostly B likely C clearly D surely

4. A are B will be C is D was

5. A weight B form C risk D work

6. A fall B flow C roll D gather

7. A fall B flow C roll D gather

8. A among B between C with D for

9. A thick B thin C flat D rocky

10. A use B time C snow D rain

11. A journey B trip C fact D process

12. A conditions B reports C forecast D event

13. A increase B reduce C improve D remove

14. A price B effort C attention D money

15. A missing B grown C big D fresh

答案与题解：

1.A 表达“雪崩是山上可能发生的昀大危险之一 ”的意思，因此应该选择 among(在…… 之中)。

2.B 从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替 slope，所以 that 是昀 佳选择。选项 A、C、D 均不符合语法。

3.B 选项 A 不符合语法， C 和 D 符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪的积压可能导致 雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。所以， B 是昀佳答案。

4.C 该句的主语是 Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用一般现在 时，所以 C 是正确答案。

5.C 要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。 a low weight/form work of avalanche 都不合逻辑，只有 a low risk of avalanche 符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解 释了 low risk of avalanche 的道理，更证实了选 risk 是正确的。

6.D 第 6 和第 7 题可以一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在坡度大的坡上，雪不会大量 堆积。在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。

7.B(见 6)

8.B 理解了句子的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在 35——45 度之间，昀 可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在……之间。

9.C 这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡昀易发生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat 在此做 “平坦”解，与后面的 steep 形成 反义。

10.A 句中的 that is 表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以，这里的选择 要根据下文的意思判断。use 是昀佳选择，整个句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用的越多， 雪崩就越可能发生。

11.D 尽管选项 A、B 和 D 都能和 continuous 搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有 process 是昀佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。

12.A 选项 A、B、C 都可以与 weather 搭配，但是根据上下文，只有 A 昀为符合文章的 内容。

13.B 选项 A 不符合句子的意思; C 不能和 risk 搭配;D 也不符合句子的意思，因为不 可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。

14.C 该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是 pay attention to 的被动形式。选项 A、B、D 均不符合句子的意思。

15.A 该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即，认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径， 没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项 B、C、D 均不符合句义。

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（责任编辑：中大编辑）

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