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2015年职称英语考试理工类A级完形填空模拟练习题11

发表时间：2014/8/26 11:05:59 来源：互联网点击关注微信：

Different Schools for American Civil War

Historians of the war can be divided into two schools．The first considers that it was the unavoidable outcome of conflicting (1)between Northern and Southern states．The second blames it (2) political leaders for — failing to avert an unnecessary war．

Analysts are also divided on whether the issue of slavery was the (3) cause of the war，or a symptom of other，more (4) differences — especially sectional interests and the doctrine of states’ rights — between the North and South which had been (5) since the formation of the American republic．

The fundamental (6) was economic．In the early l840s the Northern states began the process of (7)，modernizing their society to meet the demands of economic change．In (8)，the slogan of Abraham Lincoln’s Republican party，“free labor，free land，free man” encapsulated the ideology of valuing the freedom of individuals to grasp the (9) for economic self-advancement in a boomin9，expanding society．

The Southern states remained stubbornly (10)both economically and socially．It was a backward-looking way of life of tall white mansions on great plantations dependent on a labor system which made slaves of approximately 4 million black Americans．

America was (11)divided by economic structure，and was led into fratricidal (屠杀同胞的) warfare by a series of political clashes．The most common cause was the future of the West．The crises over California’s admission in l850 and over Kansas-Nebraska in l854 were (12) of the divergent economic interests of North and South in relation to the West．

The North wanted free land for independent labor in the same new territories where the South (13)to perpetuate its traditional way of life by (44) slavery．The issue was not the slavery already practiced，but the (15) of its extension into the West．

1.A.benefits B.interests C.profits D.values

正确答案:B

解析:本题要求填入一个名词，需要运用词义辨析技巧。interests“利益”，尤指整个团体.集体的利益，符合题意，这里指南方各州和北方各州的集体利益。Benefits “好处”；profits “利润，益处”；values “价值”。

2.A.on B.at C.in D.with

正确答案:A

解析:本题要求填入一个介词，这里用到的解题技巧是固定搭配。blame sth．on sb．，意为“责备，归咎(某事于某人)”。

3.A.inferior B.primary C.extra D.subordinate

正确答案:B

解析:本题要求填入一个形容词来描述这是一个怎样的原因，需要根据上下文文意选择。primary“主要的”。； inferior “次等的”；extra “另外的”; subordinate “次要的，下属的”。

4.A.urgent B.apparent C.critical D.serious

正确答案:C

解析:本题要求填入一个形容词，需要运用上下文关系解答此题。破折号后面列举的是诸如部门利益.各州权利这样的重要原因，所以用critical “紧要的，关键性的，危急的”。urgent “紧急的”；apparent “明显的”；serious “严肃的，严重的”。

5.A.widening B.worsening C.declining D.developing

正确答案:D

解析:本题要求填入一个动词现在分词，考察固定搭配和词义辨析。分句中关系代词which的先行词是differences，也就是说，差距越来越大。可以表示这个意思的词只有developing “发展”。widening“宽阔”，一般指实物； worsening “恶化”和differences两者不搭配；declining “削弱.降低”。

6.A.change B.collision C.distinction D.division

正确答案:C

解析:本题要求填入一个名词，需要运用上下句关系来解答此题。下面紧接着阐述了南北两方不同的经济状况，我们发现这是两者的差别所在，即distinction。这里注重的是两者的不同，而不是其发展变化change；也没有正面谈到双方冲突collision。division “分支”同样不合文意。

7.A.modernization B.capitalization C.development D.industrialization

正确答案:D

解析:本题要求填入一个名词，可能会用到词义辨析的技巧。我们知道，美国内战前，北方已经开始了工业化industrialization和社会的现代化modernization进程，但是后面紧接着的分词短语用了modernizing，所以这里选modernization略显重复。此时的美国并不能说已经开始了资本主义的进程capitalization，而development “发展”一词显得比较宽泛。

8.A.particular B.general C.conclusion D.brief

正确答案:A

解析:本题需要运用上下文逻辑来解答此题。上句讲到北方开始改变社会以适应经济发展的要求，下句林肯提出的口号则是一个特例，因此用in particular “尤其是”。 in genera l“总体而言”； in conclusion “总之”； in brief “简言之”。

9.A.possibility B.probability C.prospect D.opportunity

正确答案:D

解析:本题要求填入一个名词作grasp的宾语。几个选项中： opportunity意为 “机会”；possibility与probability都为 “可能性”；prospect意为 “前途，期望”。因为只有 “机会” 是可以grasp的。

10.A.agricultural B.farming C.capital D.industrialized

正确答案:A

解析:本题要求填入一个形容词作表语，可以运用上下文关系的解题技巧。南北方经济对立，北方发展工业，而南方仍以农业为主。与industrial对立的是agricultural。farming意为 “耕作.农业”，是一个小概念，无法与industrial对立。capital “资本的”。

11.A.accordingly B.furthermore C.however D.thus

正确答案:D

解析:本题要求填入一个副词，这里主要会用到的是上下文逻辑这一解题技巧。上面谈了南北方不同的经济形式，所以有着不同的经济结构，两者之间存在因果关系，因此用thus “所以”。accordingly “相应地”，因为这句话是用America作主语，用此词不合适；furthermore “而且”；however “然而”。

12.A.typical B.classical C.practical D.true

正确答案:A

解析:本题要求填入一个形容词，需要运用上下句关系来解题。下面举出几个例子说明了南北双方在西进运动中的利益冲突，而这些例子应该typical “典型的”。 Classical “经典的”；practical “可行的”; true表示真实性。

13. A.sought B.longed C.looked D.chased

正确答案:A

解析:本题要求填入一个动词，这里用到的解题技巧是固定搭配。seek to “寻求”；long to do sth．“渴望做某事”；chase “追赶”。

14.A.expanding B.strengthening C.extending D.developing

正确答案:C

解析:本题要求填一个动名词，需要运用的技巧仍是词义辨析。extend一词指具有一定方向性的扩展，expand指前后左右.上下等无方向性的扩张。文中指奴隶制向西扩展，故应用extending。expanding为抽象意义上的伸展；strengthening “强化”； developing “发展。

15.A.profession B.prospect C.promise D.prospective

正确答案:B

解析:本题要求填一个名词，主要运用词义辨析的解题技巧。上句中的already给我们一种提示，即这句话要讲将来prospect “前途，未来”，符合题意。Profession “职业”；promise “希望，展望”；perspective “角度，可能性”。