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第三篇

Be Alert to Antimicrobial(抗微生物的)Resistance

The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to avoid the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue．Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics (抗生素)normally used for their treatment．They are known as multi-drug resistant bacteria．posing particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy．They constitute a growing and global public health problem．WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi．drug resistant strains(菌株)and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics．reducing the generation 0f antibiotic resistant bacteria．

An article publishecI in 771e Lancet Infectious Diseases on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost alI antibiotics．The article has drawn attention to the jssue of antimicrobiaI resistance，and，in particular，has raised awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria．

While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear．this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission，and to define the most effective measures for contro1．

Those called upon t0 be alert to the problem of antimicrobiaI resistaace and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national govemments，the pharmaceutical(制药的)industry，and intemational agencies．

WHO strongly recommends that govemments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas Iike surveillance for antimicrobiaI resistance：rationaI~．ntibiotic use．Including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of a．ntibiotics；introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription；and strict adherence to infection prevention and∞ntroI measures．including the use of hand．Washing measures．particularly in healthcare facilities．

Successful centroI of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countnes．and the existing and well-known infection prevention and∞ntroI measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented．

WHO Will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies, and to coordinate internationaI efforts to combat antimicrobiaI resistance．AntimicrobiaI resistance will be the theme of WH0's World Health Day 2011．

41 AntimicrobiaI resistance has become a global public health issue because

A there may be few or no treatment to infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria．

B new antibiotics are too expensive for poor ceuntdes．

C infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria have killed a lot of people．

D scientists know nothing about multi-drug resistant bacteria．

42 The word "prudent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A unwise．

B wasteful．

C widespread．

D careful．

43 The article published in e Lancet Infectious Diseases found that

A some bacteria have developed a new gene to resist almost alI antibiotics．

B a new multi-drug resistant bacterium has appeared．

C some infections are caused by antibiotics．

D some countries are successfuIin controlling multi-drug resistant microorganisms．

44 WHO recommends govemments to focus on the following areas EXCEPT

A keeping hospitals from storing more antibiotics than they can use．

B education on the use of antibiotics．

C controI of antibiotic use．

D introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics．

45 We learn from the passage that

A antimicrobiaI resistance was not noticed untiI 2010．

B further studv is needed to deal with the transmission of multi-drug resistant bacteria．

C without WHO．no country wiIl be safe in the war against antimicrobiaI resistance．

D WHO willfocus its prevention and controI efforts in poor countries．

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