学位英语

第二篇 Spoilt for Choice

Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, lifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like, waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares.

The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis（瘫痪）, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.

It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers, which are almost outdated once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.

The plethora （过剩）of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work - a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history. So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders effectively slowed this process down.

36. Sometimes people ask professionals to help them make decisions because__________.

A the decisions may have serious impact on their lives

B only professionals have the right to do that

C they have sufficient money to pay

D they have emotional problems

37. When people cannot easily decide what to buy, which of the following is the least possible choice?

A Giving up

B Walking away

C Buying an unsuitable item

D Seeking advice

38. Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays?

A They are of poor quality.

B They are quickly replaced with new ones.

C They have too many versions.

D They are not designed by computers.

39. How does migration today differ from that of the past?

A People now migrate to find better jobs.

B People now migrate for better life.

C People now migrate for better environments.

D People now have more choice about where to migrate.

40. Which of the following best expresses the writer's view on choice?

A Better more choice than no choice

B Better no choice than more choice

C All choice is easy

D More choice, more anxiety

本题分数（15）

36 、A 文章第一段的中间，作者讲到当人们面临某些复杂的选择时，他们或是回避,或是拖延、或是求助于像生活方式指导师、律师、咨询师这样的专业人员，这些人正等着为减轻他们的感情负担而收取费用. (waiting to lighten the emotiona1 burden for a fee) ，这样的选择一般不会是选择喝什么咖啡这样简单的事情，往往是对选择者的生活有比较大的影响的选择。

37 、D 答题的依据是文章的第二段，面对种类繁多的消费品而难以做出选择时，许多人最终 ending in the shopper giving up and walking away ，or just buying an unsuitable item that is not real1y wanted，没有提到听听别人的意见。

38 、B 答案在第三段里可以找到，现在产品的生命周期短是因为它们很快就被新的产品取代了。

39 、D 最后一段的这句话回答了这个问题: With the greater mobility of people around the world ，people have more choice about where they want to live and work - a fairly recent phenomenon.

40 、D 纵观全文不难看出作者的这个观点，在第三段的最后一句话里： Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety. 作者非常明确地表达了自己的观点:没有选择也就没有烦恼。反之，选择越多，烦恼也就越多。

（责任编辑：vstara）

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