学位英语

Malnutrition of Children

A new World Bank report warns that children who do not get enough good food in the first two years of life suffer lasting damage. They may be underdeveloped or underweight. They may suffer from poor health or limited intelligence. In addition, poorly nourished children are more likely to drop out of school and earn less money as adults.

The report notes that too little food is not the only cause of poor nutrition. Many who live in homes with plenty of food suffer for other reasons. For example, study says that mothers often fail to give their newly born babies their fist breast milk. This milk-like substance is called colostrum (初乳). It is full of nutrients that improve a baby's ability to fight infections and disease.

The study also links malnutrition to economic growth in poor countries. A lack of nutrition in early childhood can cost developing nations up to three percent of their yearly earnings. Many of these same countries have economies that are growing at a rate of two to three percent yearly. The study suggests that poor countries could possibly double their economic growth if they improved nutrition.

Africa and South Asia are affected the most by poor nutrition. The study says about half of all children in India do not get enough good food. The World Bank studyalso notes that rates of malnutrition in South Asia are almost double those in central and southern Africa. Other parts of the world are also severely affected, including Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Guatemala and Peru.

The study recommends that developing countries change their policies to deal with malnutrition. Instead of directly providing food, the study suggests educational programs in health and nutrition for mothers with young babies. It also recommends cleaner living conditions and improvements in health care.

World Bank nutrition specialist Meera Shekar said the period of life between pregnancy and two years is extremely important. Governments with limited resources should take direct action to improve nutrition for children during this period.

1.Which of the following is NOT the likely result from malnutrition of children?

A.Lower IQ.

B.Inefficiency to fight diseases.

C.Small size in figure.

D.Earlier death than the normal ones.

正确答案:D

解析:问题问的是：以下哪个不是儿童营养不良可能导致的后果?文章的第一段提到这样的孩子可能会发育不良或者体重偏轻。他们的身体健康状态和智力发育都会面临威胁。除此之外，严重营养不良的孩子还极容易辍学，成年时赚钱能力差。但是并没有提到寿命长短的问题。

2.Why are the children who get sufficient food likely to suffer malnutrition?

A.Because there is something wrong with their digestive system.

B.Because they can not have the delicious food.

C.Because they are lacking in some kinds of necessary nutrients.

D.Because they eat too much rubbish food every day.

正确答案:C

解析:问题问的是：为什么有足够食物的孩子也会营养不良?根据题干定位到文章第二段。文中作者说引起营养不良还有许多其他原因，从本段第三句For example，the study says that mothers often fail to give their newly born babies their first breast milk.可知“如果不能母乳喂养，婴儿会缺少增强免疫力的营养成分。”

3.What will happen to the yearly economic growth rate if a country succeeded in providing enough food for children?

A.It will rise a great deal.

B.It will drop a little.

C.It will become 2 percent higher than before.

D.It will become stable in the future.

正确答案:A

解析:问题问的是：如果一个国家成功地为孩子们提供了足够的食品，那么这个国家的经济增长率将会怎样?由题干关键词economic目growth定位到文章第三段首句，由随后的第二句话A lack of nutrition in early childhood can cost developing nations up to three percent of their yearly earnings.可知，儿童缺乏营养会导致发展中国家损失最高可达百分之三的年收入。由此可以看出，儿童营养不良会拖累经济增长率。本段第四句话The study suggests that poor countries could possibly double their economic growth if they improved nutrition.也提到，如果穷国能够改善儿童的营养，年度经济增长率可能会翻倍增长。

4.Which of the following parts is the most severely affected by malnutrition?

A.South Asia.

B.South Africa.

C.Developing countries.

D.All of the above.

正确答案:A

解析:问题问的是：世界哪个区域的受营养不良问题的影响最大?从第四段的第一句Africa and South Asia are affected the most by poor nutrition.可以得出答案。

5.What is the best solution for the poor countries to fight malnutrition according to Meera Shekar?

A.To reduce the population during a special period.

B.To do something directly for children between pregnancy and two years.

C.To improve living conditions.

D.To offer educational programs in health and nutrition for mothers.

正确答案:B

解析:问题问的是：根据Meera Shekar的观点，贫困国家解决营养不良问题的最好办法是什么? 由题干关键词Meera Shekar定位到文章最后一段。由本段第二句Governments with limited resources should take direct action to improve nutrition for children during this period.可知，Meera Shekar认为那些能力有限的国家应该对怀孕期间和2岁以下的孩子采取最直接的行动。

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