学位英语

第三篇 Shark Attack!

Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. “I could have touched its eye with my elbow,” says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn’t heard a thing.

In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark’s teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.

Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.

The most common explanation is that great whites don’t see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal. “They spit us out because we’re too bony,” says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.

Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It’s possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.

41 After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark_________.

A bit his surfboard

B bit his fingers

C swam away

D attacked him

42 It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites_________.

A. often let humans escape

B kill humans

C have so many teeth

D grow to six meters or more

43 Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4?

A create

B are

C increase

D depend upon

44 The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means_________.

A people’s

B great whites’

C sea lions’

D seals’

45 What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?

A Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly.

B Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet.

C We now know great whites don’t mistake humans for other animals.

D There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans.

参考答案：

31 C 短文第一段第四句、第五句提供了答案。

32 A 文章第一段从第三句开始说，科学家正在研制一艘可将研究人员带到6500米深处的潜水装置，而它将代替Alvin，因为Alvin只能潜到4500米深处，A不是事实，所以是正确选项。

33 C 本文将讨论探索海底世界的潜水装置，所以说“充满神秘色彩的世界”指的就是海洋。

34 D 第三段前三个句子告诉我们，HOV和Alvin在体积和容量上相似，所以D是正确选项。

35 D 第三段最后两句告诉我们，Alvin只有三个窗户，而HOV有五个。最后一段告诉我们，两艘潜水装置的上下活动速度和行进速度有所差别，所以D是正确选项。

36 C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通事故，加上5000万起伤残事故，因此，正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度，所以，C项是正确选择。

37 B 第二段最后一句说，大多数汽车撞车事故是人为原因造成的，而不是机械故障的原因所以C项是错误的，A和D中的fall asleep 和speeding是人为原因，但只是部分人为因素，不能概全。

38 D 文章中没有提到windscreens(汽车挡风玻璃)，所以D是正确选项。

39 C 根据第六段内容，使用卫星跟踪和遥控通信方面的革新，其目的是防盗（A和D）和发生事故时求援，（B）。C的内容在文中没有被提到，所以是C正确选项。

40 A 文章最后一段说，为机器人司机编制程序后，他们就能使交通变得通畅，也许今后某一天，大家都拥有机器人司机，但是，这一天的到来还有待时日。A句说，要实际使用机器人司机还需时日，这显然是与末端最后一句话表达的意思相吻合。

41 C选项A和B发生在Craig落水之前，故排除。从第二段第三行可以得到如下信息：当Craig落入水中，手指上的鲜血在水中散开之时，这条五米长的鲨鱼却自己游走了，因此排除D。

42 A第三段整段就是在说鲨鱼虽然可以轻松杀死人类，但是它们却很少杀人。第三段最后两行甚至提到连鲨鱼研究者们都在尽力寻找人类屡屡能鲨口逃生的原因，这就说明A是正确选项。

43 B本题要求读者根据上下文的语境猜测第四段第二行斜体标出的词组make up 的意思。通过常识我们可以猜出：海豹和海狮应该是鲨鱼的主要食物来源，因此只有B选项在意思上make up 最为接近。在本文中，词组make up 的意思为：组成，构成。

44 B本题要求读者根据上下文的语境猜测第四段第二行斜体标出的单词their的意思。结合第四段前两行的内容，我们可以很容易推测出，在这里their 指代的是 the great whites，因此答案为B。

45 C本题要求读者总结出第四段的主要内容，第四段主要介绍的是：人们起初以大白鲨视力不好为由来解释为何人类屡屡鲨口脱险，但最近的信息表明大白鲨的视力并不差，不会把人类误认为海狮或海豹。大白鲨不吃人是由于它们觉得人类太瘦，没有海狮或海豹的肉那么肥。

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