学位英语

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题l分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Understanding Autism

1. Autism (孤独症 ) is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see, hear, and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships, communication, and behavior. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly (费力地) learn normal patterns of speech and communication, and appropriate ways to relate to people, objects, and events, in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke.

2. The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses.

There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic (遗传的) factors may sometimes be involved. Autism may indeed result from a combination of several "causes".

3. Most people with mental retardation (智力迟钝) show relatively even skill development.

Individuals with autism, however, typically show uneven skill development, with deficits (欠缺) in certain areas -- most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others -- and distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or other disorders, since diagnostic (诊断的) confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques.

4. In general, individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of repetition. Some people who have autism are working as artists, piano tuners, painters, farm workers, office workers, computer operators, dishwashers, assembly line workers, or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.

Paragraph 1___________

A. What causes autism?

B. How common is autism?

C. Does autism occur together with other disabilities?

D. What is Autism?

E. What kinds of jobs can individuals with autism do?

F. What is the difference between autism and mental retardation?

参考答案:D 系统解析:【题 干】第一段的主要内容是__________

【解 析】第一段的主题句为第一句，主要讲了孤独症的定义，故D为正确答案。

24

Paragraph 2___________

A. What causes autism?

B. How common is autism?

C. Does autism occur together with other disabilities?

D. What is Autism?

E. What kinds of jobs can individuals with autism do?

F. What is the difference between autism and mental retardation?

参考答案:A 系统解析:【题 干】第二段的主要内容是__________

【解 析】第二段的主题句是第一句：“孤独症发生的原因还是未知的”，以下讲述可能的原因，故本题选择A。

25

Paragraph 3___________

A. What causes autism?

B. How common is autism?

C. Does autism occur together with other disabilities?

D. What is Autism?

E. What kinds of jobs can individuals with autism do?

F. What is the difference between autism and mental retardation?

参考答案:F 系统解析:【题 干】第三段的主要内容是__________

【解 析】第三段没有明显的主题句，但从最后一句可知“distinguish”(区分)，孤独症和智力迟钝不同，故本题选择F。

26

Paragraph 4___________

A. What causes autism?

B. How common is autism?

C. Does autism occur together with other disabilities?

D. What is Autism?

E. What kinds of jobs can individuals with autism do?

F. What is the difference between autism and mental retardation?

参考答案:E 系统解析:【题 干】第四段的主要内容是__________

【解 析】第四段的主题句为首句，主要讲孤独症患者能做的工作有哪些，故E为正确答案。

27

Individuals with autism are particularly weak at ___________

A. different techniques

B. social relationships and communication

C. language and information

D. several causes working together

E. a degree of repetition

F. skill development

参考答案:B 系统解析:【题 干】孤独症患者在__________非常弱。

【解 析】文章第一段主要讲述什么是孤独症及其特点，其中说：“孤独症患者在人际交往上、交流沟通和行为表现上有严重的缺陷。”因此B(社会关系和交流)为正确答案。

28

It is possible that autism happens as a result of ___________

A. different techniques

B. social relationships and communication

C. language and information

D. several causes working together

E. a degree of repetition

F. skill development

参考答案:D 系统解析:【题 干】作为__________的结果，可能引起孤独症。

【解 析】文章第二段主要讲孤独症的成因，最后一句提到：“多个原因一起可能引起孤独症。”故D(几个原因综合因素)为正确答案。

29

Autism and mental retardation should be treated with ___________

A. different techniques

B. social relationships and communication

C. language and information

D. several causes working together

E. a degree of repetition

F. skill development

参考答案:A 系统解析:【题 干】我们应该__________对待孤独症和智力迟钝。

【解 析】文章第三段有相关信息：“分清楚孤独症和智力迟钝是很重要的，因为一旦误诊将会导致不合适的、无效的治疗方法。”因此A(不同技巧)为正确答案。

30

A typical feature of people with autism is their uneven ___________

A. different techniques

B. social relationships and communication

C. language and information

D. several causes working together

E. a degree of repetition

F. skill development

参考答案:F 系统解析:【题 干】孤独症的典型特征是他们不平稳的__________。

【解 析】文章第三段讲：“孤独症患者表现出不平稳的技能发展，在某些方面都有欠缺。”故F(技能发展)为正确答案。

（责任编辑：pgl）