主谓一致
一致性是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、性等方面的相互一致关系。我们这里主要讲主语和谓语的一致。
需要注意以下几点:
1. 集合名词作主语时
如表示整体概念,谓语动词须用单数;如表示成员,谓语动词须用复数。例如:
The family were watching TV. 全家人在看电视。
My family is a big one. 我家人口多。
常见的这类名词还有army, audience, class, club, crew, crowd, committee, company, couple, group, government, party, staff, school, team, union, public等。
有些集合名词(如people, police, youth 等)谓语动词须用复数。如:
The police were tracking the murderer. 警察正在追踪凶手。
2. 数词和表示时间、度、量、温度、钱额等名词作主语表示一定的量或总和时,谓语动词多半用单数形式。如:
Three hours is enough for us to perform this experiment.
我们做这个实验有三个小时就足够了。
That five thousand dollars is yours.
那五千美金是你的。
3. 在“one of + 复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,定语从句一般修饰复数名词,所以该从句的谓语动词要用复数。如:
This is one of the longest rivers that have ever been seen.
这是曾见过的最长的河流之一。
He is one of my friends who are lawyers.
我是我当律师的朋友中的一个。
4. 由合成代词some (any, no, every) + thing (body, one)作主语,由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other 作主语,以及由限定词either, neither, each, every, many a, more than one 等+名词作主语时,谓语动词均用单数形式。如:
Noboday knows how many stars there are in the sky.
谁都不知道天上有多少星星。
Neither answer is correct.
两个答案都不对。
5. 某些连词连接的名词或代词作主语:根据毗邻一致的原则,与邻近的主语一致。这类连词包括or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等。如:
Neither I nor she was awarded the prize.
我和她都没有获奖。考试大在线考试中心
在there be 存在句中,多数情况下也可根据毗邻一致的原则来决定谓语动词用单数还是复数。如:
There are three patients in the waiting room.
候诊室里有三个病人。
There is a doctor and two nurses in the clinic.
诊所里有一个医生和两个护士。
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