容易混淆的词
hard (努力,副词) -hardly (几乎不,副词)
close (接近,形容词) -closely(接近,副词)
near (接近,形容词) -nearly (几乎,副词), nearby (adj.邻近的)
most (大多数的,形容词) -mostly(主要地,大部分 副词)
late (迟、晚,形容词) -lately (最近,副词),later(adv.稍后的)
high (高的,形容词) -highly (adv. 非常,大大的)
另外: friendly(友好的), lovely(可爱的、有趣的),尽管词尾有ly, 但是都是形容词作主语:不定式短语可作主语
如:To see is to believe (百闻不如一见)
To work hard should be your major concern.
注意:由于英文不习惯句子主语过长,不定式主语常被形式主语it所代替(详见第十七章)
例如上面第二句可以变为: It should be your major concern to work hard. 又如: It is very nice of you to help me
不定式常接在名词之后作定语,如:something to read, nothing to do, anything to declare,a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc. 由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系,因此不及物动词之后必须加上相搭配的介词(例如上面的complain + of, talk +to)不定式定语还可表示将来的含义,如:in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June 独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致
如:(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (独立主格)
对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:
Filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word.
在TOEFL考试中,经常混淆反身代词的写法,结尾的-self和-selves经常故意写错
反身代词的用法
可以用来做宾语: He hurt himself when he fell.
可以用来做表语: He is not quite himself today. (他今天有些不舒服)反身代词经常放在名词或者代名词的后面来进行强调, 表示“亲自”的意思 I myself do it. I do it myself. They made the research themselves.
编辑推荐:
(责任编辑:zjc)