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英语讲义(163)怎样使句子简练利落

http://www.wangxiao.cn 发表时间:2010年2月27日10:46 来源:中大网校中大网校网络课堂免费试听
不是所有的长句都是罗唆的,也不是凡是短的句子都是洗练的。我们要尽量运用简练的句子;我们也要尽量把没有增添语意的词语去掉,并且将冗长句子节缩,使之简练利落。

我们可以从四方面着手:

一、消除多余的词语

每句话里的词藻或用语,如果对语意起不了作用就不要铺张,要给以铲除,因此(1)a-(7)a都嫌唠叨,要由(1)b-(7)b来取代:

(1)a. At this point of time
→b. Now

(2)a. Bring all this to a conclusion.
  →b. Concluding this.

(3)a. Has a tendency to drop
→b. Can drop easily.

(4)a. On account of the fact that……
→b. As……/Since……

(5)a. Situated in the vicinity of……
→b. near……

(6)a. June was detemined in her mind to ……
→b. June was determind to ……/June decided to ……

(7)a. Here comes David, a person whom I idolise and for whom I have the greatest admiration.
→b. Here comes David,a person I idolise./Here comes my idol, David.

二、避免不必要的重复

重复重要的字眼是种修辞手段,但是不必要或无目的的重复,却使句子累赘不自然,因此(8)a-(12)a要改为(8)b-(12)b:

(8)a. Close proximity
→b. Proximity

(9)a. Cooperate together
→b. Cooperate/work together

(10)a. Most unique
 →b. unique

(11)a. The patient in Ward 2 is a mentally ill man.
 →b. The patient in Ward 2 is mentally ill.

(12)a. A good teacher helps each student to become a better student, both academically and mentally.
 →b. A good teacher helps each student to grow. /develop academically and mentally.

三、简化句子结构

句子结构务必明确易解,如果出现不必要的迂回状况,便要纠正加以简化,而且尽量采用恰当的动词,臻达这目的;因此(13)a-(14)a要改为(13)b-(14)b:

(13)a. Rarely should a doctor give a patient an estimate of how many months or years he or she will live.
→b.Rarely should a doctor estimate/predict how long a patient will live.

(14)a. The manager is responsible for monitoring and balancing the annual budget for all expenses.
 →b. The manager monitors and balances the annual budget.

四、将从句节缩为短语、短语简化为单词

英语从句和短语,特别是修饰性质者,可以简而略之,但语意不变,如(15)a和(16)a都可节缩为(15)b和(16)b:

(15)a. The oral approach,which is a method of language teaching,is effective for teaching oral communication.
→b. The oral approach, a method of language teaching, is effective for teaching oral communication.

(16)a. Janet's jacket, made of cotton, is too warm for hot weather here.
→b. Janet's cotton jacket, is too warm for hot weather

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