学位英语

第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

Toads are Arthritic and in Pain

Arthritis(关节炎) is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads, a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. 46__________.

The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 193S in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers. 47__________.A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species

The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. 48__________.

A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.

According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night.49__________.But speed and strength come at a price —arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.

In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop(跳跃). 50__________.These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their relentless march across the landscape.

A. Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet area.

48B. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.

47C. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia’s native species.

49D. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances, while the others are being left behind.

46E. But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.

50F. But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.

参考答案：BCDEF

第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light

Solar photovoltaic(光电的) thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but ________ (51)now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector .That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon(晶体硅) solar cells, ________ (52)lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.

That’s a problem of economics. Good solarhot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower __________(53) .And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can __________(54)up all thespace on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.

In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a __________(55) in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon.

Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous(非晶形的) silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they __________ (57) much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. __________ (58), thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.

“That means that their efficiency drops when you__________ (59) them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains, which is one of the __________ (60) thin- film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.

However, Pearce and his team found a __________ (61) to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new _____ (62) _____ of PVT .You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling __________ (63) of water, they could make thicker cells that largely _________ (64) the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they__________(65) the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.

A51. A. until B. unless C. when D. if

B52. A. what B. which C. that D. who

D53. A. reward B. bill C. pay D. cost

D54. A. move B. set C. live D. take

C55. A. decision B. suggestion C. solution D. qualification

D56. A. for B. by C. with D. as

C57. A. retrieve B. merge C. require D. exchange

A58. A. UnfortunatelyB. Certainly C. Luckily D. Immediately

D59. A. cover B. relate C. face D. expose

C60. A. restrictions B. advances C. reasons D. strengths

D61. A. part B. result C. subject D. way

A62. A. type B. size C. shape D. brand

B63. A. area B. point C. place D. extent

C64. A. promoted B. improved C. overcame D. asserted

A65. A. boosted B. defined C. wasted D. lower

参考答案：ABDDC DCADC DABCA

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