学位英语

第四部分：阅读理解

短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇 Taking Pictures of the World

Annie Griffiths Belt is a National Geographic photographer. She has worked for National Geographic since 1978, and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact, Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn’t seen yet.

Belt’s photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England. Recently, her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America.

Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language. “The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into people’s lives,” she has said. “The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed(激动得不知所措) by how quickly people welcome me!”

Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greetings and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other. When people don’t speak the same language, a smile is very helpful. Having something in common can also help break the ice. For example, Belt has traveled with her two children, so when she takes pictures of children, they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together.

Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that can’t afford to hire a professional photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your best photographs. If you’re a real photographer, your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers.

Remember, the next time you look at a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, don’t be afraid to break the ice. The connection you make could be very rewarding.

31. Belt’s photographs are praised for all of the following EXCEPT

A.their good quality

B.different cultures

C.various shapes

D.their beauty

答案：C

32. The word “privilege” in Paragraph 3 means

A.advantage.

B.responsibility.

C.part.

D.coverage/

答案：A

33. The sentence “the camera is like a passport” in Paragraph 3 implies

A.a photographer can visit a foreign country without a passport.

B.customs officials like taking pictures.

C.good camera can make others accept you quickly.

D.taking pictures can help meet people in different places.

答案：D

34. In the fourth paragraph, the author mainly discusses how to

A.greet strangers of different cultures.

B.have family connection in common.

C.get on well with people in bad weather.

D.break the ice in communication.

答案：D

35. Belt suggests that those who want to be a photographer should

A.know how to connect with others

B.volunteer to break the ice in conversation.

C.learn from the professionals works.

D.take pictures of different regions.

答案：C

第二篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences

It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader . Each of us is different .

Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .

Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ,and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test ,do the same on all tests .

Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .

Howard Gardner , a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education ,has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists , he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .

Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .

36.What is the main idea of this passage ?

A. The importance of intelligence .

B. The development of intelligence tests .

C. How to understand intelligence .

D. How to become intelligent .

答案：C

37.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence ?

A. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests .

B. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests .

C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests .

D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests .

答案：A

38.Gardner believes that ________ .

A. all children are alike .

B. children should take one intelligence test .

C. there is no general intelligence .

D. children have different intelligences .

答案：D

39.According to Gardner, schools should ________ .

A. promote development of all intelligences .

B. test students’ IQs .

C. train students who do poorly on tests .

D. focus on finding the most intelligent students .

答案：A

40.Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .

A. musical foundation .

B. biological foundation .

C. intrapersonal foundation .

D. linguistic foundation .

答案：B

第三篇 Alaska

In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude from that held in 1867, when the peninsula(半岛) was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1 ,500 ,000 square kilometers “of icebergs and polar bears”一beyond Canada's western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States.

In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice masses lie buried in the earth. From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.

Alaska is America's largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.

Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741.The Eskimos are the state's earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed.

In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the US mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.

The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.

41. Alaska is an American state that

A.locates within the Arctic Circle.

B.was known by Americans before 1867.

C.lies to the east of Canada.

D.was once owned by Russia.

答案：D

42. Which of the following is true about Alaska?

A.The sun never sets on its land in May.

B.Some of its land is fit for plowing.

C.It is a mountainous land.

D.It has two seasons: spring and winter.

答案：B

43. What is true about the Eskimos?

A.They are the natives of Alaska.

B.They moved to Alaska from Denmark.

C.They had a long fight with the Russia traders.

D.They discovered gold near the Klondike River.

答案：A

44. What transportation device is widely used in Alaska?

A.Bus

B.Ship

C.Plane

D.Train

答案：C

45.what is mainly responsible for the economic growth in Alaska now?

A. Gold

B. Oil

C. Fish

D. Fur

答案：C

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