学位英语

第四部分：阅读理解

短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences

It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talentedmusician, but you might not be a good reader . Each of us is different .

Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .

Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ,and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test ,do the same on all tests .

Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .

Howard Gardner , a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education ,has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one

intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists , he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .

Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .

31.What is the main idea of this passage ?

A. The importance of intelligence .

B. The development of intelligence tests .

C. How to understand intelligence .

D. How to become intelligent .

答案：C

32.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence ?

A. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests .

B. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests .

C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests .

D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests .

答案：A

33.Gardner believes that ________ .

A. all children are alike .

B. children have different intelligences .

C. children should take one intelligence test .

D. there is no general intelligence .

答案：B

34.According to Gardner, schools should ________ .

A. test students’ IQs .

B. train students who do poorly on tests .

C. focus on finding the most intelligent students .

D. promote development of all intelligences .

答案：D

45.Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .

A. biological foundation .

B. musical foundation .

C. intrapersonal foundation .

D. linguistic foundation .

答案：A

第二篇　The Worker's Role in Management

Traditionally, it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled(被迫的) to obtain the worker's opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor——they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?

Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs(失业), often with no warning. At least 90 day's notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.

It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvement, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

36.It can be interred from Paragraph 1 that managers________.

A. seldom obtained workers’opinions

B. were not qualified

C. disliked “suggestion boxes”

D. never consulted the labor force.

答案：B

37.In recent years, many management specialists have been arguing that workers________.

A. are no longer sellers of the products

B. are less affected by company decisions than before.

C. are able to make final decisions for the company.

D. should have a say in management of the company.

答案：D

38.The word “rank-and-life”Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.

A. senior

B. ordinary

C. intelligent

D. capable

答案：B

39.According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985?

A. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.

B. Workers did not make necessary concession.

C. About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.

D. Many companies were closed because of strikes.

答案：C

40.It not given a voice in managenal decision making workers_____.

A. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity.

B. cannot get a share in the company’s profits.

C. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity.

D. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant.

答案：A

第三篇　Obesity(肥胖) in the Western World

Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference —— of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries 一 1. 2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese.

Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said，“ Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany，20 per cent of the people are already affected，but in Japan only one per cent. ” But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.

Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, "We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism(新陈代谢) of a stone-age man" “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. ”

Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, “Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese，also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose(脂肪的) tissue complaints. ” "Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing one's weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure. ”

Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier. ”

Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. “ Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates(与……相关) with the time which children spend in front of TV sets. ”

The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.

41.Which of the following is true about obesi

A. People in Japan needn’t worry about obesity.

B. Obesity is a disease that lasts for a long time.

C.20% of the people in the world are overweight.

D.Obesity should be cured with new medication

42. Which of the following does Prof. Friendrich Hopichler probably agree?

A. Diabetes is mainly caused by obesity.

B. 50% of patients with high blood pressure complained about obesity.

C. The fast food supplied in American pizza shops is tasteless.

D. The more one weights, the more likely he is to suffer from heart disease.

答案：D

43.Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on_______.

A. health insurance

B. preventive programs

C. state health services

D. obesity-related surgeries

答案：B

44.Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity?

A. Diabetes

B. High blood pressure

C. Stomachache

D. Adipose tissue complaints

答案：A

45.”The consequences” in the last paragraph result from people_____.

A. reducing their weight

B. eating fast food

C. getting obese

D. spending too much time in front of TV sets

答案：C

（责任编辑：中大编辑）

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