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预备役部队建设

Reserve Force Building

预备役部队是以现役军人为骨干、预备役官兵为基础，按照军队统一的体制编制组成的武装力量，实行军队与地方党委、政府双重领导制度。预备役部队各级军政主官、部门主要领导、部分机关人员和专业技术骨干，由现役军人担任。预备役军官主要从符合条件的退役军人、地方干部、人民武装干部、民兵干部、地方与军事专业对口的技术人员中选配。预备役士兵主要从符合条件的退役士兵、经过训练的基干民兵和地方与军事专业对口的人员中选编。

With active servicemen as its backbone and reserve officers and men as its foundation, the reserve force is an armed force formed in line with the unified structure and organization of the PLA. It is under the dual leadership of the PLA and local Party committees and governments. The positions of chief military and political leaders at all levels and principal department leaders, as well as a proportion of the staff members and professionals and specialists, are assumed by active servicemen. Reserve officers are chosen mainly from qualified retired servicemen, civil officials, cadres of the people's armed forces departments, cadres of the militia and civilian technicians with the appropriate military specialties. Reserve soldiers are chosen mainly from qualified discharged soldiers, trained primary militia members, and civilians with the appropriate military specialties.

近年来，预备役部队各项建设和改革不断取得新的进步。完善地域编组形式，探索依托高新技术行业成系统成建制对口编组，以及人员与装备结合编组、联片编组和跨地域抽组等多种编组形式。根据战时可能承担的任务，修订完善预备役部队军事训练与考核大纲，加强与现役部队挂钩训练、联合训练，开展基地化、模拟化、网络化训练。预备役官兵每年一般进行240小时的军政训练。预备役部队建设围绕平时能应急、战时能应战的目标，加快推进由数量规模型向质量效能型、由直接参与作战向支援保障作战为主转变、由补充一般兵员向补充技术兵员为主转变，努力成为现役部队的得力助手和国防后备力量的拳头。

In recent years, the reserve force has undergone consistent improvement in various aspects of its building and reform. It works to improve its organizational models on a regional basis, to explore a systematic and organic organizational model based on new and high-tech industries, and to develop such organizational models as personnel-and-equipment organization, trans-regional organization and community-based organization. Based on possible wartime assignments, the reserve force has revised and updated the guidelines for its military training and evaluation, strengthened integrated training with active PLA units, and conducted on-base, simulated and networked training. Reserve officers and men are required to devote 240 hours to political education and military training each year. To be able to respond to emergencies in peacetime and to fight in war, the focus of the reserve force is shifting from quantity and scale to quality and efficiency, from a combat role to a support role, and from the provision of general-purpose soldiers to soldiers with special skills. It is working to become an efficient auxiliary to the active force and a strong component of the national defense reserve.

民兵建设

Militia Force Building

民兵是中国武装力量的重要组成部分，是人民解放军的后备力量。近年来，民兵建设深化调整改革，在结构布局调整、训练改革和装备建设等方面取得新进展。全国现有基干民兵800万。

The militia force is an important component of China's armed forces as well as the backup force of the PLA. In recent years, through transformation and reform, it has made progress in restructuring, in training reform, and in equipment building. China now has 8 million primary militia members.

重点加强边海防作战队伍、军兵种勤务保障队伍和应急队伍建设，加大由农村向城镇和重要交通沿线、由一般地区向主要方向和重点地区、由传统行业向高新技术行业拓展力度，民兵结构布局更趋合理。按照新一代《民兵军事训练与考核大纲》要求，推进军事训练改革，开展与现役部队联训联演，加强各级民兵训练基地配套建设，抓好重点分队训练，民兵急时应急、战时应战能力明显增强。加强防空作战与应急维稳装备建设，配发新型防空武器装备，对现有武器进行技术升级改造，武器装备完好率、配套率显著提高。

The militia force gives priority to reinforcing those units which are tasked with defending border and coastal areas, providing service support for different arms and services, and responding in emergencies. It has been realigned to extend from rural to urban areas as well as to areas along important communication lines, from ordinary locations to key sites and areas, and from traditional industries to new and high-tech ones. As a result, its structure and layout have been further improved. In line with the newly revised Outline for Military Training and Evaluation of the Militia, it promotes reforms in military training, holds joint training and exercises with active PLA units, improves the construction of associated training base facilities at all levels, and attaches importance to key detachment training. Its capabilities in dealing with both emergencies and wars have been greatly enhanced. The militia strengthens its building of equipment for the purposes of air defense, emergency response, and maintaining stability, supply of new types of air defense weaponry and equipment, and retrofitting and upgrading of existing weapons. There have been significant increases in the level of equipment-readiness and in the full kit rate (FKR).

民兵积极参加反恐维稳、抢险救灾、护边控边、治安联防等行动，在完成多样化军事任务中发挥了独特优势。每年组织9万多民兵参加守护桥梁、隧道和铁路线，20多万民兵参加军警民联防巡逻，90多万民兵参与重大自然灾害应急救援，近200万民兵参加城乡社会治安综合治理。

The militia has taken an active part in such operations as counter-terrorism, stability maintenance, emergency rescue, disaster relief, border protection and control, and joint defense of public security, and has played a unique role in accomplishing diversified military tasks. Each year, it mobilizes more than 90,000 militiamen to serve as guards on bridges, tunnels and railways, more than 200,000 to take part in joint military-police-civilian defense patrols, more than 900,000 to participate in emergency response, rescue and relief operations following major natural disasters, and nearly 2 million to engage in the comprehensive control and management of social order in rural and urban areas.

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