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The worldwide consumption of bakery food products is increasing. Many populations that formerly relied solely on rice or coarser grains as their main source of carbohydrates show a preference for compounded bakery products as new industry and increased incomes make them more widely accessible. Japan is an outstanding example of countries following this trend. The United States has shown a steady downward trend in per capita consumption of cereal-based foods for many years, and the consumption of sweet bakery foods, such as cakes or pastry, has been increasingly displacing bread consumption.

Probably 95% of the white bread sold in the United States is enriched with thiamine, niacin, and iron, and about 30 of the states have laws requiring white bread enrichment. Formerly, calcium and vitamin D were frequently added to enriched bread, but lack of consumer demand and questionable nutritional benefit led to gradual phasing out of these enrichments. India has attempted to encourage consumption of protein-enriched bread, with some success. Except for research projects, little has been done in other countries, however. In areas where bakery products comprise a large proportion of the diet, they could provide an ideal vehicle for nutritional supplementation. The need for better quality in the daily diet occurs mostly in the developing counties, where carbohydrates foods --- usually cereals --- are the basic components of the diet and therefore the logical protein carriers.

1. Japan is used in this passage t illustrate a fashion in many countries ___________.

A to enrich bread B to invest more in food industry

C to increase consumption of bakery foods

D to increase a reliance on rice and grains

2. Because of little demand and questionable value ____________.

A calcium and vitamin D are no longer added to bread

B cereal-based foods are being replaced by bakery products

C rice and coarser grains being replaced by bakery products

D little has been done to encourage consumption of enriched bread

3. According to the passage, popular cereals could be the best way in developing countries to ___.

A supplement the diet B displace rice consumption

C increase reliance on carbohydrates D phase out necessary bread enrichments

4. From the passage, we learn that there is a worldwide trend towards _____________.

A enriching the nutritional value of bread

B increasing the consumption of protein

C using bakery products as a source of carbohydrates

D using grains, such as rice, as a source of carbohydrates

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2011年翻译资格考试远程辅导方案

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