Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.

Today, we'll talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children.

Children should be _______ (1) a lot of television, many experts and parents agree, but there is at least one circumstance when it might be beneficial: _______ (2). A recent study conducted by Italian researchers found that children _______ (3) immediately preceding and during blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers _______ (4) during the procedure, or children whose mothers were present but _______ (5).

The research, led by Carlo Brown, MD, at the University of Siena, is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood, _______ (6) the study. None received any type of anesthesia; the children and their mothers _______ (7).

Both the group whose mothers attempted to distract them from the blood tests and those whose mothers simply observed reported _______ (8) than the group who watched cartoons. For that group, the levels of pain were less and the children were better able to _______ (9).

One of the possible explanations is that children might have _______ (10) during the procedures, exacerbating their perception of pain. "The higher pain level reported by children during _______ (11) shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively _______ (12) in their children's life," the authors write.

However, they stressed that _______ (13) still provided benefits, noting that the children would _______ (14) during the procedures. "Indeed, children state that having their parent present _______ (15) when in pain," say the authors.

Another possibility offered for consideration is the notion that the _______ (16) might release pain-quelling endorphins. Endorphins, _______ (17) produced by the pituitary gland, resemble opiates in their ability to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words, they might _______ (18).

In any case, the study results suggest that health workers should _______ (19) to watch television during painful procedures _______ (20).

参考答案：

1. discouraged from watching 11. mother’s efforts at distraction

2. muting pain 12. at a difficult moment

3. who viewed cartoons 13. the mother’s presence

4. attempted to distract them 14. appreciate not being left alone

5. did not interact with them 15. provides the most comfort

6. 69 children participated in 16. pleasure of watching TV

7. determined their pain scores 17. biological compounds

8. substantially higher pain ratings 18. function as natural pain killers

9. tolerate the pain they did experience 19. consider allowing children

10. picked up on their mother’s anxiety 20. to minimize their distress

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