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八、国防经费

VIII. Defense Expenditure

中国坚持国防建设与经济建设协调发展的方针，根据国防需求和国民经济发展水平，合理确定国防经费的规模，依法管理和使用国防经费。

China adheres to the principle of coordinated development of national defense and economy. In line with the demands of national defense and economic development, China decides on the size of defense expenditure in an appropriate way, and manages and uses its defense funds in accordance with the law.

随着国家经济社会发展，中国国防费保持适度合理增长。2008年和2009年，中国国内生产总值分别为314045亿元人民币和340903亿元人民币。国家财政支出分别为62592.66亿元人民币和76299.93亿元人民币，分别比上年增长25.7%和21.9%。2008年和2009年，中国年度国防费分别为4178.76亿元人民币和4951.10亿元人民币，分别比上年增长17.5%和18.5%。近年来，中国年度国防费占国内生产总值的比重相对稳定，占国家财政支出的比重略有下降。

With the development of national economy and society, the increase of China's defense expenditure has been kept at a reasonable and appropriate level. China's GDP was RMB31,404.5 billion in 2008 and RMB34,090.3 billion in 2009. State financial expenditure was RMB6,259.266 billion in 2008 and RMB7,629.993 billion in 2009, up 25.7 percent and 21.9 percent respectively over the previous year. China's defense expenditure was RMB417.876 billion in 2008 and RMB495.11 billion in 2009, up 17.5 percent and 18.5 percent respectively over the previous year. In recent years, the share of China's annual defense expenditure in its GDP has remained relatively steady, while that in overall state financial expenditure has been moderately decreased.

中国国防费主要由人员生活费、训练维持费和装备费3部分组成，各部分大体各占三分之一。人员生活费用于军官、文职干部、士兵和聘用人员的工资津贴、住房保险、伙食被装等。训练维持费用于部队训练、院校教育、工程设施建设维护以及其他日常消耗性支出。装备费用于武器装备的研究、试验、采购、维修、运输和储存等。国防费的保障范围包括现役部队、预备役部队和民兵，同时也负担部分退役军人、军人配偶生活及子女教育、支援国家和地方经济建设等社会性支出。

China's defense expenditure mainly comprises expenses for personnel, training and maintenance, and equipment, with each accounting for roughly one third of the total. Personnel expenses mainly cover salaries, allowances, housing, insurance, food, bedding and clothing for officers, non-ranking officers, enlisted men and contracted civilians. Training and maintenance expenses mainly cover troop training, institutional education, construction and maintenance of installations and facilities, and other expenses on routine consumables. Equipment expenses mainly cover R&D, experimentation, procurement, maintenance, transportation and storage of weaponry and equipment. Defense expenditure covers costs to support the active forces, reserve forces, and militia. It also covers part of the costs to support retired servicemen, servicemen's spouses, and education of servicemen's children, as well as national and local economic development and other social expenses.

(Table 1: China's Defense Expenditure in 2009)

近两年增长的国防费主要用于：(一)改善部队保障条件。适应国家经济社会发展和居民生活水平提高，调整军人工资津贴标准，连续提高教育训练、水电取暖等经费标准，开展基层后勤综合配套整治，改善边海防部队、边远艰苦地区部队执勤训练和生活条件。(二)完成多样化军事任务。增加非战争军事行动能力建设投入，保障抗震救灾、亚丁湾和索马里海域护航、抗洪抢险、国际救援等行动。(三)推进中国特色军事变革。针对采购价格、维修成本不断上涨势头，适当增加高技术武器装备及其配套建设经费。

In the past two years, the increase in China's defense expenditure has primarily been used for the following purposes: (1) Improving support conditions for the troops: Along with the economic and social development and the improvement of people's living standards, the PLA has adjusted servicemen's salaries and allowances, increased funding for education and training, water and electricity supplies and heating, upgraded logistics support for grass-roots units in a comprehensive and coordinated way, and improved the on-duty, training and living conditions of border and coastal defense forces and units in remote areas and harsh environments. (2) Accomplishing diversified military tasks: China has increased investment in improving MOOTW capabilities, in supporting earthquake rescue and disaster relief operations, in escort operations in the Gulf of Aden and waters off Somalia, in flood control and emergency rescue operations, and in international rescue operations. (3) Pushing forward the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) with Chinese characteristics. In view of the upward trend in purchasing prices and maintenance costs, China has moderately increased the funds for high-tech weaponry and equipment and their supporting facilities.

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