CET6

 本文导航

• 第1页：六级简答专项练习(一)
• 第2页：六级简答专项练习(二)

• 第3页：六级简答专项练习(三)
• 第4页：六级简答专项练习(四)

　　2011年6月英语六级简答专项练习及详解(一)
　　Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
　　Personality is to a large extent inherent—a type parents usually bring about a type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major fact or in the lives of their children. 
　　One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”
　　By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. 
　　Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B’s. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. 
　　If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged.
　　Questions:
　　1. Beside inherence, personality is also deeply effected by ______________________.
　　2. Person who has A characteristics is ______________________________________.
　　3. What was disagreed to in schools by the author? ______________________________.
　　4. Why is top management of school to fit a child’s personality_____________________.
　　5. According to the 5th Para., B’s characteristic is suggested to be ________________.
　　短文大意
　　这篇文章主要谈论的是人的性格的培养。作者指出，个性虽然在很大程度上是与生俱来的，但环境的作用也很重要。作者指出，因为学校崇尚“不惜一切代价取胜”的道德标准，而使学校成为培养A型性格的主要场所。作者批评了这种以考试作竞争的手段，因为这并不是学校的最高的办学宗旨。
　　1.
　　【参考答案】 environment
　　【答题技巧】 “顺藤摸瓜”，沿着与题相关的内容深入下去。
　　【详细解答】 问题是“除了遗传，性格还深受什么的影响”。文中第一段的第一句话讲得明白：Personality is to a large extent inherent.(个性在很大程度上是与生俱来的)，这是一个与题相关的句子，沿着这个句子继续走，可以得到“But the environment must also have a profound effect, “profound”意思是“deep”，也就是说，环境对人的性格也有很深的影响。因此，答案不得而知。
　　2.
　　【参考答案】 keen to win / competitive
　　【答题技巧】 综合考虑，归纳总结是本题的方法。
　　【详细解答】 这个问题问的是A型人的性格。这样一个问题，在原文中想一下子的找出答案是不容易的。必须先总的考虑一下第二段的文字。第二段有三个地方涉及到这个问题：one place where children soak up A characteristics is school……(孩子形成A型性格的一个地方是学校，学校就其本质而言是高度竞争的场所);in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows(富有竟争性的A型人看来就比B型人强。);Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences;(学生过分热衷于获胜可能要产生危险的后果)。这样，经过综合考虑后，得出competitive与be keen to win.
　　3.
　　【参考答案】 the disproportionate emphasis on examinations
　　【答题技巧】 由“肯定”走向“否定”的解决本题的捷径。
　　【详细解答】 本题问的是作者否定的是学校里的什么。只要理解了第三段的第一句话，问题就可以解决。By far the worst form of competition in schools is disproportion ate emphasis on examinations.学校里最最糟糕的竞争方式是不恰当地强调考试。根据这句话可知，disproportionate emphasis on examinations 恰恰是作者所否定的东西。
　　4.
　　【参考答案】 The world needs types
　　【答题技巧】 根据“结果”推向“原因”是解决本题的出路。
　　【详细解答】 本题问为什么学校的宗旨应当是培养的孩子的性格。这是个典型的因果关系的句子。根据已知的果(第四段未尾)It’s top management,一步一步往前推，我们发现了：The world needs(世界上需要各种类型的人)，与top management实际存在着一种逻辑上的因果关系。因此，答案为：The world needs types.
　　5.
　　【参考答案】 sensitive and sympathetic
　　【答题技巧】 利用已知的信息进行推理并利用原文得出结论。
　　【详细解答】 问题是 ，根据第5段可知，B型人的性格是什么。第五段中有这样一个例子，“Perhaps selection for caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in Chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy.”(也许在挑选护理人员，尤其是医务人员时，不要太看重化学考分，而应多考虑对人的敏感性和同情心。)“sensitivity and sympathy”一词，应引起注意，因为这是与A型性格(前面已知)不同的。那么，继续看，It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged。看到儿，我们几乎可以肯定，sensitivity与sympathy是属于B型的了。但为了与问题相合，应该把名词改为形容词即可。

　　相关推荐：2011六级考试核心词汇及例句分析
　　　　　　　 2011年英语六级考试备考：词汇记忆有讲究

 本文导航

• 第1页：六级简答专项练习(一)
• 第2页：六级简答专项练习(二)

• 第3页：六级简答专项练习(三)
• 第4页：六级简答专项练习(四)

　　2011年6月英语六级简答专项练习及详解(二)
　　Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
　　Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture. Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock. These stages are general and should only be used as a reference. Not every individual will go through each stage, and one stage may last longer that another for different individuals.
　　The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional “roller coaster” they seem to be riding. One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative. It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate between loving and hating a new country. Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging. Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture. There can be a sense of a greater need for sleep. This is due not only to physical tiredness, but also to mental fatigue. This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situations. 
　　The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person. There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture. Four factors which play into these are personality, language ability, length of stay, and the emotional support received.
　　It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented. One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home. Pictures, wall hangings, favorite utensils, and keep sakes are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar. Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time. Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture. This will make people feel more at home.
　　Questions:
　　1.According to Para. One, experts have interests in ____________________________.
　　2. Emotional roller coaster” refers__________________________________________..
　　3. When entering a new culture, the problems people face are____________________.
　　4. Copying with new situation may result in__________________________________.
　　5. According to the author, the more effective way to solve “cultural shock” is_______.
　　短文大意
　　本文介绍了“文化休克”一词的来由：文化休克是由于它对接触一种陌生文化的人们所造成的影响而得名。接下来，文章依次介绍了人们接触陌生文化时所面临的重要难题。以及影响文化休克的四个因素，此外还介绍了解决文化休克问题的几个方法。
　　1.
　　【参考答案】 Cultural shock’s effect on people.
　　【答题技巧】 联系上下文是寻找本题答案的方法。
　　【详细解答】 第一段的第一句话就提到：文化休克是由于它对接触一种陌生文化的人们所造成的影响而得名。在第二句话中得知Experts have been interested in these effects and …此句中的these effects虽然成为复数，但指的仍是第一句中：the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture.答案由此而来。
　　2.
　　【参考答案】 unsteadily feeling toward new culture
　　【答题技巧】 “由后向前归纳”是本题的技巧。
　　【详细解答】 本题问的是：情绪上的“环滑车”指的是什么?文中提到：One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture, and the next moment very negative.由于是简短回答，我们便总结为“unsteadily feeling toward a new culture.”
　　3.
　　【参考答案】 are emotional "roller coaster" and fatigue
　　【答题技巧】 从问题入手，深入下去是本题的捷径。
　　【详细解答】 从第三段的第一句话入手：Fatigue is another problem people face when entering a new culture “another”一词表明，前面第二段涉及的还有另一个问题。
　　4.
　　【参考答案】 the mental fatigue
　　【答题技巧】 由原因推向结果是解题的思题。
　　【详细解答】 本题只要注意到了第三段的最后一句：The mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language, and coping with new situations.答案便迎刃而解。本句，The mental fatigue 是结果，coping with new situation是原因之一，本题问题是coping with new situation可能引起什么。那么，我们只要由原因推向结果即可。
　　5.
　　【参考答案】 fitting some regular routines into the new culture.
　　【答题技巧】 浏览一个段落，通过比较得出结论是本题的关键。
　　【详细解答】 解决“文化休克”的最有效的办法是什么，文中最后一段提到，one solution…is to…,Another activity is to …,Even better is …, 据作者的口气，三个方案中，最有效的建议便是：fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture,对于这么长的方案，我们只挑主要的说就可以了。

　　相关推荐：2011六级考试核心词汇及例句分析
　　　　　　　 2011年英语六级考试备考：词汇记忆有讲究

 本文导航

• 第1页：六级简答专项练习(一)
• 第2页：六级简答专项练习(二)

• 第3页：六级简答专项练习(三)
• 第4页：六级简答专项练习(四)

　　2011年6月英语六级简答专项练习及详解(三)
　　Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
　　When Gutenberg printed his first books he had no intention that they should be portable. They were made, after all, to compete with very weighty (and often chained)illuminated manuscripts. The idea that you could walk around with a book did not come until l500 when Aldus Manutius stumbled upon this revolutionary and liberating notion. The first paper-light newspaper(Johann Carolus’s The Relation in Strasbourg)did not follow until l609. In the computer world the same revolution from heavy main frame to near weightlessness is well under way.
　　Today's portables seem miracles of design and power. But, even as far as they have come, compare them with the ultra light, ultra cheap, ultra high quality information bearing attributes of paper, the only problem is that the information on paper cannot be updated. Imagine a piece of electronic paper which could typeset itself by means of remotely fed data. The key elements of such an entity are already a reality at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s(MIT) Media Laboratory, enabling the prospect of portable information devices which are essentially weightless and omnipresent. The key breakthrough, which will start to be seen widely in l998, is a new type of ink： electronic ink. This magical stuff can be coated on to any surface, but, unlike normal ink, it can be electronically set. It is instantly changeable, erasable and resettable. The ink itself, a polymer material, is not expensive and requires no electronic power to maintain its image.
　　This spells the beginning of the end of the published book. The conventional publishing industry is already dying. Books, magazines and newspapers have reached a plateau of sales in America of about$100 billion a year. Sales of fiat panel displays, the basis of all notebook computers and the super thin screens which are beginning to populate our desktops, are growing rapidly with sales approaching $30 billion, but such screens are still heavy, very expensive and power hungry. Electronic ink enables the two worlds, conventional publishing on paper and electronic information displays, to be merged.
　　This radical change coincides happily with another： the exponential growth of our ability to store information electronically at a rapidly dwindling cost. The arrival, that is, of compact data storage. Consider this. One book consumes about 1 Mb of data in a conventional, uncompressed form. But squeeze the data into a compact form, and a disk drive the size of a credit card holds 350 books.
　　Questions:
　　1. Who is the first person noted that books could be portable?________________________.
　　2. Electronic paper can solve the problem that___________________________.
　　3. “Prospect of portable information devices” refers to
　　4. What results in the ending of the published book?_________________________.
　　5. According to the 3rd Para, it is inferred that the conventional publishing industry will disappear________________________.
　　短文大意
　　文章以便携式书籍的出现为引子，指出在电脑领域，也正进行着一场从沉重的主机计算机到几乎无重量的便携式电脑的革命。文章告诉我们，电子纸的出现，尤其是随着电子进入
　　应用的实际问题：电子墨水得以突破后，使传统出版业遭到危机，最终会带来出版业的变革，传统的出版物与电子信息显示合为一体。
　　1.
　　【参考答案】Aldus Manutius
　　【解题技巧】正确理解句子内容是本题的惟一出路。
　　【详细解答】本文问的是谁最早提出书可以便携这一观念。文中第一段第三句话：The idea that you could walk around with a book not come until 1500 when Aldus Manutius stumbled…notion,句中，this revolutionary—and liberating—notion,指的即是“they should be portable”因而，Aldus Manutius是最早提出这一观点的人。
　　2.
　　【参考答案】the information on paper cannot be updated
　　【解题技巧】通过比较得出结论是本题的捷径。
　　【详细解答】文中第二段出现了：Imagine a piece of electronic paper which could typeset itself of remotely fed data：电子纸可通过遥控数据排版。而在这句话的前面，是有关纸的评价：the only problem is that the information on paper cannot be updated.这样一比，电子纸与普通纸的区别就很明显了，而电子纸的功能恰恰是普通纸所做不到的，答案由此而来。
　　3.
　　【参考答案】electronic paper
　　【解题技巧】通过上下文，找出指代的内容是本题的关键。
　　【详细解答】本题问的是：便携式信息装置指代什么。对于这样的问题，一定要联系上下文，在第二段中，只要能发现 a piece of electronic paper, such an entity与portable information devices 的逻辑关系，便不难发现，这段话想说明的正是：由于麻省理工学院的多媒体实验室将电子纸的实践问题得以解决，才使用电子纸的前景乐观，因此，答案为electronic paper.
　　4.
　　【参考答案】the breakthrough of electronic ink
　　【解题技巧】通过段与段之间承上启下的关键问题找出答案。
　　【详细解答】第三段的首句：This spells the beginning of the end of the published book.本题的问话其实就是这句话的变形。由于这句话处于承上启下的位置，那么“this”所指，必然在上面一段出现。第二段中指出：The key breakthrough,…is a new type of ink.这就说明，在电子纸实践将随着电子墨水的突破而有所发展，之后，又用了相当的篇幅介绍电子墨水的特性。因此，是电子墨水的突破使电子纸获得实质的进展，而这将导致书籍出版的结束。回答本题时，仍要尽可能运用文中原有的词汇。
　　5.
　　【参考答案】conventional publishing on paper and electronic informationdisplays are merged
　　【解题技巧】运用段落中已知的信息去推测。
　　【详细解答】这是一个典型的推理型的问题。这种问题往往涉及几句话甚至整段话的内容。第三段一开始指出：传统出版业正在走向灭亡，虽然平板显示器的销售突飞猛进，然而，它的本身也存在着明显的缺限。而电子墨水的出现，可以使这两件各有所长的东西构成合理的结合成为可能。根据这段话，我们可得知：传统出版物若消失，必然在两者结合之时。回答这个问题时，也应尽量使用句子的原话：conventional publishing on paper and electronic information displays, to be merged.而稍作变形。

　　相关推荐：2011六级考试核心词汇及例句分析
　　　　　　　 2011年英语六级考试备考：词汇记忆有讲究

 本文导航

• 第1页：六级简答专项练习(一)
• 第2页：六级简答专项练习(二)

• 第3页：六级简答专项练习(三)
• 第4页：六级简答专项练习(四)

　　2011年6月英语六级简答专项练习及详解(四)
　　Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
　　Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences. 
　　Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection. 
　　In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer; for example, learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species. 
　　Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input output balance. 
　　Questions:
　　1. According to Para. 1, memory plays an important role in _________________________ .
　　2. We can obviously notice that over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten from________________________________________________________________.
　　3. It seems that the author disagree to explain ____________________________________.
　　4. If memories failed to fade__________________________________________________ .
　　5. According to the assumption given in last Para, we don’t exactly know ______________ .
　　短文大意
　　本文对于人的记忆和遗忘功能一题，进行了详细的论述。文中指出，记忆对学习，对智力活动，解决问题的能力，都起着重要的 作用。然而，遗忘功能也是功不可没的。因为，假如记忆力永不衰退，人的适应能力将被削弱，人的日常生活行动将会混乱。文章在最后，又引入了另一个有关记忆与遗忘之间关系的理论。
　　1.
　　【参考答案】learning, intelligent behavior and the ability to solve any problem
　　【解题技巧】 将同类的内容进行归纳总结，提取原话是解决本题的方法。
　　【详细解答】 本题的答案散落在第一段中，我们可分别发现：Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory.(没有这个通常被称为记忆的功能，学习不可能进行。)…So-called intelligent behavior demands memory.(通常所说的智力活动需要记忆力。) The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory.(解决任何问题的能力，甚至发现问题是否存在的能力，均有赖于记忆力。) 因此，将Learning, intelligent behavior, the ability to solve any problem提取出来，即可。
　　2.
　　【参考答案】dramatic instances of sudden forgetting
　　【解题技巧】 从既定的结果入手，寻找存在的条件是本题技巧。
　　【详细解答】 问题问的是：根据什么，我们可以明显看出一段时间不练习，已学到的东西会逐渐遗忘。在第二段中，我们可以看到本题已知的结果：Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten.下面一句说的是and the adaptive consequence may not seem obvious.(而且这种自身适应的后果看来并不明显。)这一句离题更近了，下面就得到了答案：dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can been seem to be adaptive.
　　3.
　　【参考答案】how the process of forgetting survived by evolutionary interpretation
　　【解题技巧】 从间接的否定进入直接的否定，并抛开原文中不必要的修饰词。
　　【详细解答】 问题是：作者似乎不同意解释什么。这句话的问题很明确。然而，在英语语言中，一些表示否定的话语，说得却很委婉。第二段的最后：Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.然而，一个进化论的解释也许使人难以理解这个很普通的逐渐遗忘过程怎样会经历自然选择后仍保留下来。那么，might make it difficult,即是一种委婉的否定。因为是简短回答，可以把修饰词commonly, gradual, natural selection去掉，留下词干就可以了。
　　4.
　　【参考答案】adaptive ability would suffer
　　【答题技巧】 寻找与题相关的类似说法，是本题的技巧。
　　【详细解答】 第三段句首有这样一句话：In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade.文中有：Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer.在这句中，without forgetting取意与if memories failed to fade相同。
　　5.
　　【参考答案】how adjustments are made between memory and forgetting
　　【解题技巧】 根据已知的东西去推测判定隐含的内容。
　　【详细解答】 这个问题问的是：依据最后一段，给出的假定理论，我们知道什么。这种问题，需要我们依据文中内容来作出合理的推测，最后一段指出：In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage and forgetting.依据这种观念(假定中的观点)，学习或记忆储存和遗忘之间可不断调整。Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is related to how much they have learned.的确，有证据表明：一个人的遗忘率与他的学习量直接有关，根据已知的信息，可做以下合理的判断：一个人遗忘率与学习量虽然有关，但是个什么样的关系? 再由具体推向抽象，记忆与遗忘可不断调整，怎么调整?据此，我们利用原文，答案可总结为：how adjustments are made between memory and forgetting.

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