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CET-4中介词to的不同搭配

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CET-4中介词to的不同搭配
  介词是一种表示名词和句中其他词之间关系的词,在英语中能和动词、名词、形容词等词搭配,表示种种不同的意思,使用时灵活多变,不易掌握,介词to也不例外。四级考试中,介词to的用法是测试重点之一,应引起特别注意。本文以历年四级真题为依据,总结了介词to的几种常见搭配,并附上历年四级考试中相关的考题,供考生练习。

  一、与某些动词一起构成特定搭配

  英语中由“动词+ 介词to”构成的动词短语数量很大,而在四级考试中,经常被测试到的此类动词短语也很多,可分为两类:

  1.“实义动词+ 介词to”结构

  adapt to……(适应于……)

  devote…… to ……(专心于,致力于)

  add …… to ……(增加,添加)

  entitle …… to ……(给……权利、资格等)

  adhere to ……(追随,依附,坚持)

  expose…… to ……(暴露在……之下)

  adjust to ……(调整,调节)

  lead to ……(导致……,招致……)

  amount to ……(达到;意味着)

  object to ……(反对)

  appeal to ……(恳求;呼吁)

  owe …… to ……(欠……;对……负有……)

  apply to……(应用,运用;向……申请)

  react to……(对……做出反应)

  attach…… to ……(系上,附加于,使附属)

  refer to……(论及,参照;委托)

  attend to ……(倾听;照顾,料理)

  resort to ……(诉诸于……)

  attribute to……(把……归因于,认为是……的结果)

  respond to……(……做出反应)

  belong to ……(属于)

  see to……(负责,留意,照料)

  compare ……to……(与……比较;将……比作为) stick to ……(坚持)

  confess to……(坦白,坦承)

  subject …… to ……(使遭受……,使蒙受……)

  conform to……(顺从,与……一致)

  turn to ……(翻到;向……求助)

  contribute to ……(有助于,促使)

  yield to……(屈服于)……

  历年四级考题中与上述短语相关的考题很多,下面仅列出一些典型的例子(选项中以黑体字为正确答案):

  (1 ) This is the nurse who ________ to me when I was in hospital.(CET-4 , 03.6 ,52)

  A. entertained B. accompanied

  C. attended D. shielded

  (2 ) I would never have ________ a court of law if I hadn't been so desperate. (CET-4 ,02.6,66)

  A. sought for B. accounted for

  C. turned up D. resorted to

  (3 ) He ________ to his customers and halved the price. (CET-4 ,02.1,65)

  A. leaked B. yielded

  C. drew D. quoted

  (4 ) Eating too much fat can ________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. (CET-4 , 01.6 ,55)

  A. attribute to B. attend to

  C. contribute to D. devote to

  (5 ) I didn't know the word. I had to ________ a dictionary.(CET-4,00.6,35)

  A. look out B. make out

  C. refer to D. go over

  (6 ) The man in the corner confessed to ________ a lie to the manager of the company. (CET-4 , 97.6 ,58)

  A. have told B. be told

  C. being told D. having told

  (7 ) Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact ,he ________ his opinion.(CET-4 , 97.6 ,60)

  A. struck at B. strove for

  C. stuck to D. stood for

  (8 ) There is hardly an environment on earth ________ some species of animal or other has not adapted successfully.(CET-4 ,94.6,53)

  A. to which B. wherever

  C. so that D. as to

  (9 ) The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen ________ immediately.(CET-4 , 93.1 ,70)

  A. to B. at C. on D. with

  (10) Police have ________ to the public to come forward with any information which might help them in their inquiries. (CET-4 ,90.6,44)

  A. urged B. claimed

  C. appealed D. called

  (11) Is it advisable to ________ our body to the sunlight ?(CET-4,90.6,62)

  A. reveal B. display

  C. expose D. show

  2.“be+ 过去分词 /形容词 +to”结构

  be addicted to……(对……上瘾)

  be opposed to ……(反对)

  be attached to……(附属于)

  be subject to ……(易遭……的;以……为条件的)

  be due to ……(归功于……,因为……)

  be used /accustomed to……(习惯于……)

  be objected to……(反对)……

  相关的四级考题如下:

  (12) The committee is totally opposed ________ any changes being made in the plans.(CET-4 , 99.1 ,61)

  A. of B. on C. to D. against

  (13) Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ________ late for his lecture. (CET-4 , 98.1 ,31)

  A. to have students

  B. for students' being

  C. for students to be

  D. to students' being

  (14) The match was cancelled because most of the members ________ a match without a standard court. (CET-4 , 91.6 ,48)

  A. objected to having

  B. were objected to have

  C. objected to have

  D. were objected to having



  二、与某些名词一起构成特定搭配

  此类名词与to一起构成固定结构“名词+ 介词to”,可分为两类:

  1.某些固有名词,如admission , access , answer , approach , barrier,key , right, solution 等;

  2.由相关动词派生而来的名词,如exposure, objection, reaction , response等。

  相关的四级考题如下:

  (15) The British government often says that furnishing children with ________ to the information superhighway is a top priority.(CET-4,03.9,55)

  A. procedure B. protection

  C. allowance D. access

  (16) I have no objection ________ your story again. (CET-4 , 00.6,27)

  A. to hear B. to hearing

  C. to having heard D. to have heard

  (17) Does everyone on earth have an equal right ________ an equal share of its resources?(CET-4 , 98.6 ,55)

  A. by B. at C. to D. over

  (18) The traditional approach ________ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller , more easily managed problems.(CET-4,96.6,33)

  A. to dealing B. in dealing

  C. dealing D. to deal

  (19) The doctor told Penny that too much ________to the sun is bad for the skin. (CET-4 , 95.1 ,57)

  A. exposure B. extension

  C. exhibition D. expansion

  (20) It was difficult to guess what her ________ to the news would be. (CET-4 , 91.6 ,42)

  A. impression B. reaction

  C. comment D. opinion

  (21) They have been trying to arrive at a practi-cal solution ________ the problem.(CET-4 ,90.6,49)

  A. in B. to C. on D. with

  三、与某些形容词一起构成特定搭配

  此类形容词后接介词to,构成特定搭配,可分为三类:

  1.某些固有形容词,如contrary, cruel,

  equivalent, indifferent, parallel , relevant , second , sensitive,similar 等;

  2.形容词superior, inferior , senior , junior 等,这些词虽然都是原级形容词,却含有比较意味,后面都不能用than表示比较,而必须用to;

  3.由相关动词派生而来的形容词,如addicted, applicable , comparable,preferable等。

  相关的四级考题如下:

  (22) Some plants are very ________ to light ; they prefer the shade.(CET-4 , 04.1 ,70)

  A. sensible B. flexible

  C. objective D. sensitive

  (23) Color and sex are not relevant ________ whether a person is suitable for the job. (CET-4 , 03.9 ,45)

  A. on B. for C. to D. with

  (24) A dark suit is ________ to a light one for evening wear.(CET-4 , 03.6 , 60 )

  A. proper B. suitable

  C. favorable D. preferable

  (25) Physics is ________ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.(CET-4 , 97.1 ,24)

  A. alike B. equivalent

  C. likely D. uniform

  (26) Cancer is second only ________ heart disease as a cause of death.(CET-4 , 96.1 ,30)

  A. of B. to C. with D. from

  (27) Beethoven is my favorite musician. I regard him as ________ other musicians.(CET-4 , 94.1 ,55)

  A. more superior to

  B. more superior than

  C. superior to

  D. superior than

  (28) What you have done is ________ the doctor's orders.(CET-4 ,90.1,63)

  A. attached to B. responsible to

  C. resistant to D. contrary to

  四、用于特定的介词短语中

  含有介词to的介词短语也有很多,具体如下:

  as to ……(关于)

  thanks to ……(多亏……,由于……)

  in addition to(加之,除了……之外)

  to one's abilities(capabilities, potential……)(尽某人所能)

  in contrast to……(与……对照)

  to one's surprise (amazement , relief ……)(令人感到……)

  in response to(对……做出反应)

  to some degree(extent)(在某种程度上)

  owing to……(因为)

  with reference to ……(关于,至于)

  previous to ……(在……之前)

  with /in regard to……(关于,至于)

  prior to……(先于……;比……重要)

  with respect to ……(关于,至于)……

  相关的四级考题如下:

  (29) ________ the enormous flow of food from the entire globe ,these countries have for many years not felt any population pressure.(CET-4 , 03.9 ,46)

  A. Thanks to B. By means of

  C. In line with D. With regard to

  (30) The British constitution is ________ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. (CET-4 , 00.6 ,50)

  A. within B. to C. by D. at

  (31) Being a pop star can be quite a hard life,with a lot of travelling ________ heavy schedules. (CET-4 , 99.6.50)

  A. as to B. in relation to

  C. owing to D. with regard to

  (32) Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full ________. (CET-4 , 97.6 ,35)

  A. capacity B. strength

  C. length D. possibility

  (33) It is useful to be able to predict the extent ________ which a price change will affect supply and demand. (CET-4 , 97.1 ,29)

  A. from B. with C. to D. for

  五、用于特定句型中

  介词to还可以用于某些特定句型中,但此类句型不多,常见的只有两例:

  when it comes to……(当提到……,当论及……)

  see (to it ) that ……(留意……,负责……,务必……)

  相关的四级考题如下:

  (34) Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests. (CET-4,
  96.1,36)

  A. when B. since

  C. before D. after

  (35) He is late again today. I'll ________ that he will not be late tomorrow. (CET-4 ,94.1,66)

  A. be sure B. see to it

  C. hope for D. make it to

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