2011年12月英语六级快速阅读辅导
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Passage 1 The Power of Personal Attitudes
Each of us is made up of various physical, vital, and mental parts. There is our physical body and its organs, muscles, etc; the vital being with its sensations, emotions and feelings, and the mental part with its thoughts, memories, reasoning power, beliefs, etc. Somewhere between our emotions and our thought processing lie our attitudes -- our emotional perceptions about life, about others, even towards our own selves. Attitudes generally express positively and negatively. E.g. when I have good feelings towards my work or towards others, the attitude is positive. When I feel reluctant to do certain things that are necessary, or show hostility towards certain individuals, then my attitude is negative.
Attitudes About Ourselves, Others, Life
Though we have many attitudes about all aspects of life, if we look a little closer we can identify three basic types—those that have to do with ourselves, those we have about others and the objects around us, and those we have towards life itself. An example of a negative attitude about ourselves is having low self-esteem, or low self-confidence. An example of a wanting attitudes about others is a feeling ill will towards another person, or being mistrustful of others. An example of a negative attitude towards life is being pessimistic that things will never turn out well. The good news however is that if we change any negative attitude to the positive, life tends to quickly respond. Consider this true story, where a person changed her attitude about certain people:
A woman was working as a temporary employee for a large medical organization. For months, she complained about certain coworkers at her job. At the time, she had decided to develop a 30-day plan to secure a full-time position. One part of her plan was to change her attitude toward these particular individuals. In the days that followed, she persisted in following her plan, especially focusing on her wanting attitude toward others. She was shocked however when a month into her plan, she was suddenly asked to work for the organization full time -- her first non-temporary job in nearly a decade!
That is the power of changing a negative attitude toward others.
Negative Expressions Attracts Negative Response
So far we have indicated that changing a negative attitude can attract sudden instances of good fortune. Inversely, if we take to a negative attitude, we can attract instances of bad fortune. For example, if we speak negatively about another person, it is likely that problematic circumstances will arise.
A man “A” met a fellow instructor “B” before a class he was to perform that day. One of the things they discussed were problems they had experienced in earlier classes. In particular, A kept talking about how the students at a certain client were particularly difficult to work with. He persisted in expressing his feelings. Though that instructor rarely had problems with his students, later on that day, as well as in the next two classes, he had a series of difficulties with his students!
As we see, when we express negative sentiment in life—whether it is ill will towards certain individuals or complaining about situations—we tend to elicit ill fortune. The best approach then is to avoid all negative expressions or complaining about others. In our moment-to-moment activities, we need to be mindful of our thoughts and feelings, and catch any negative expression—whether it us a flawed attitudes, a limited opinions, or a hasty, reflexive reaction. This is indeed serious business, because such expressions can literally destroy a work.
The Power of an Overall Positive Attitude
In addition to having the right attitudes towards others and life around us, it is always best to have an overall positive attitude. Here’s another real-life incident to show you what I mean:
A management consultant was hoping to have a key meeting with the principle officers of a company with over $100 billion in assets. For days, he fretted about the deal as the potential client failed to contact him. He developed greater and greater doubts that the meeting would ever take place. Finally, he remembered that it was important to have a positive attitude in these situations. He decided to change his attitude about the potential meeting from worry and concern to being positive. A very short time later, he was contacted by the client that the meeting could in fact take place. He was thrilled. In addition, years of high-level consulting work followed with the client!
That is the power of having a generally positive attitude.
“I have a meeting with G, an important audio salesperson. We work through a system to get him committed and productive. We discuss the fact that he must commit. During the meeting, I am conscious of my attitude that is negative about our chances of success. I struggle to reverse them. We are then interrupted as the store is then filled with customers, and a good one for that salesperson to boot!”
An overall positive attitude has the power to attract sudden good fortune from the world around us. We have also seen that when difficult circumstances come in your way, and you do not get overwrought by them, maintaining a positive calm attitude, life can suddenly reverse and cancel the problem or otherwise bring sudden instances of good fortune.
1. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the main parts of our physical body.
2. Our attitudes are our emotional perceptions about life and about others.
3. One’s low self-esteem shows a negative attitude about himself.
4. Even if we change any negative attitude to the positive, life will not change at all.
5. The story of the woman who finds a job by changing her attitude towards others shows us the power of changing a positive attitude toward others.
6. If we speak positively about another person, good things will happen.
7. The story about the man "A" and the man "B" shows us if we speak negatively about another person, it is likely that problematic circumstances will arise.
8. When we express negative sentiment in life, the best approach is to avoid _________ about others.
9. Besides having the right attitudes towards others and life around us, we should _________.
10. When difficult circumstances come in your way, __________ can help you to reverse life and cancel the problem.
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答案解析
1. N. 根据题干中的信息词main purpose及our physical body定位到全文的第一段，结合文章标题可知本文的主旨是讲述个人态度的力量，而不是我们身体的生理构成。
2. Y. 根据题干中的信息词emotional perceptions定位到第一段的第三句话，可知题干表述与原文相符。
3. Y. 根据题干中的信息词low self-esteem 定位到第一个小标题下的第二句话，可知题干表述与原文相符。
4. N. 根据题干中的信息词change any negative attitude to the positive定位到第一个小标题下第一段的倒数第二句话，可知题干表述与原文相反。
5. N. 根据题干中的信息词story of the woman who finds a fob by changing her attitude定位到第一个小标题下的第二段和第三段第一句话，可知题干表述与原文相反。
6. NG. 根据题干中的信息词speak positively about another person定位到第二个小标题下第一段的最后一句话，可知原文仅提到如果我们说别人坏话，可能会有问题产生，而并没有提到说别人好话是否会有好事发生。
7. Y. 根据题干中的信息词speak negatively about another person定位到第二个小标题下第一段的最后一句话，结合第二段，可知题干表述与原文相符。
8. all negative expressions or complaining。根据题干中的信息词express negative sentiment in life定位到第二个小标题下的第三段前两句话可得答案。
9. have a overall positive attitude。根据题干中的信息词right attitudes towards others and life around us定位到第三个小标题下的第一句话可得答案。
10. a positive calm attitude。根据题干中的信息词difficult circumstances come in your way定位到文章的最后一句话可得答案。
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2011年12月四六级阅读强化备考指导-快速阅读
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Passage 2
How to Make Attractive and Effective PowerPoint Presentations
Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically changed the way in which academic and business presentations are made. This article outlines few tips on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations.
The Text
Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words—a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into key words.
Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide, use the AutoFit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the AutoFit Options button (its symbol is two horizontal lines with arrows above and below), then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.
Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than 24.
Use only two font styles per slide—one for the title and the other for the text. Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body.
Embed the fonts in your presentation, if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in the computer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: (1) On the File menu, click Save As. (2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.
Use colors sparingly; two to three at most. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body. Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background.
Capitalizing the first letter of each word is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. Clicking Shift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.
Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation.
Don’t center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have a good reason not to.
Run “spell check” on your show when finished.
The Background
Keep the background consistent. Simple, light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read.
If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark-colored background and use any light color for text.
Minimize the use of “bells and whistles” such as sound effects, “flying words” and multiple transitions.
Don’t use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read.
The Clips
Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers.
Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web-use specific words.
When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a .jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show.
Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible.
Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships.
The Presentation
If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps.
Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show.
On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save as type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-click on this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view. When you’re done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu.
Look at the audience, not at the slides, whenever possible.
If using a laser pointer, don’t move it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience.
Black out the screen (use “B” on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.
You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. To erase everything you’ve drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once.
Miscellaneous
Master Slide Set-Up:
The “master slide” will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the “master slide” level.
First, go to the “View” menu.
Pull down the “Master” menu.
Select the “slide master” menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs.
1. The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.
2. When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should be complicated.
3. In each slide, the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other.
4. A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of each word.
5. Centering bulleted lists or text can help to read.
6. Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.
7. When importing flashes, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes.
8. When making the presentation, you should look at the audience_________.
9. Pressing the E key can help you to __________.
10. In order to ________, you can make changes at the “slide master” level.
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2011年12月四六级阅读强化备考指导-快速阅读
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答案解析
1. Y. 题干讲到了微软的PowerPoint对学术及商业陈述形式的改变，定位到文章的首段可知题干表述与原文相符。
2. N. 根据题干中的信息词wording of the text定位到第一个小标题下的第一段，可知题干表述与原文相反。
3. Y. 根据题干中的信息词the font styles for the title and the text定位到第一个小标题下的第四段第一句话，可知题干表述与原文相符。
4. N. 根据题干中的信息词more formal situation和capitalizing定位到第一个小标题下的第七段第一句话，可知更加正式的方式是仅大写第一个单词的首字母，故题干表述错误。
5. N. 根据题干中的信息词Centering bulleted lists or text定位到第一个小标题下的第九段，可知题干表述与原文相反。
6. Y. 根据题干中的信息词Sound effects定位到第二个小标题下的第三段，可知题干表述与原文相符。
7. NG. 根据题干中的信息词importing和two megabytes定位到第三个小标题下的第三段，可知原文提到的是插入的图片要少于两兆字节，而并未提及插入的flash大小。
8. as possible as you can。根据题干中的信息词look at the audience定位到第四个小标题下的第四段可得答案。
9. erase everything you’ve drawn。根据题干中的信息词Pressing the E key定位到第四个小标题下的第七段第三句话可得答案。
10. meet your presentation needs。根据题干中的信息词make changes at the “slide master” level定位到文章的最后一段可得答案。
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2011年12月四六级阅读强化备考指导-快速阅读
2011年12月英语四六级阅读：朋友也能租赁，你相信吗
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