CET6

SectionC

Directions: There are 2 passages in thissection. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.

PassageOne

Questions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowing passage.

There was a time no long ago when newscience Ph.D.s in the United States were expected to pursue a career path inacademia(学术界).But today, mostgraduates end up working outside academia. not only in industry but also incareers such as science policy, communications, and patent law. Partly this isa result of how bleak the academic job market is, but there’s also a risingawareness of career options that Ph.D. scientists haven’t trained fordirectly-but for which they have useful knowledge, skills, and experience.Still, there’s a huge disconnect between the way we currently train scientistsand the actual employment opportunities available for them, and an urgent needfor dramatic improvements in training programs to help close the gap. Onecritical step that could help to drive change would be to require Ph.D.students and postdoctoral scientists to follow an individual developmentplan(IDP).

In 2002,the U.S Federation of AmericanSocieties for Experimental Biology recommended that every postdoctoralresearcher put together an IDP in consultation with an adviser. Since then,several academic institutions have begun to require IDPs for postdocs. And inJune, the U.S. Na-tional Institutes of Health(NIH) Biomedical ResearchWorkforce Working Group recommended that the NIH require IDPs for theapproximately 32,000 postdoctoral researchers they support, Other fundingagencies, public and private, are moving in a similar direction.

IDPs have long been used by governmentagencies and the private sector to achieve specific goals for the employee andthe organization. The aim is to ensure that employees have an explicit tool tohelp them understand their own abilities and aspirations, determine careerpossibilities, and set (usually short-term) goals. In science, graduatestudents and new Ph.D. scientists can use an IDP to identify and navigate aneffective career path.

A free Web application for this purpose, called myIDP, has becomeavailable this week. It’s designed to guide carly-career scientists through aconfidential. rigorous process of introspection(内省) to create a customized career plan. Guided by expert knowledgefrom a panel of science focused career advisers, each trainee’s self-assessmentis used to rank a set of career trajectories(轨迹). After the user has identified a long-term career goal, myIDPwalks her or him through the process of setting short-term goals directedloward accumulating new skills and experiences important for that careerchoice.

Although surverys reveal the IDPprocess to be useful. Trainees report a need for additional resources to helpthem identify a long-term career path and complete an IDP. Thus, myIDP will bemost effective when it’s embedded in larger career-development efforts. Forexample, universities could incorporate IDPs into their graduate curricula tohelp students discuss, plan, prepare for, and achieve their long-term careergoals.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.

56. What do we learn about new science Ph.D.s in the United States today?

A)They lack the skills and expertise needed for their jobs.

B)They can choose from a wider range of well-paying jobs.

C)They often have to seek jobs outside the academiccircle

D)They are regarded as the nation’s driving force of change

57.What does the author say about America’s Ph.D. training?

A)It should be improved to better suit the job market.

B)It is closely linked to future career requirements.

C)It should be re-oriented to careers outside academia.

D)It includes a great variety of practical courses.

58. What was recommended for Ph.D.s and postdoctoral researchers?

A)They meet the urgent needs of the corporate world.

B)A long-term career goal be set as early as possible.

C)An IDP be made in consultation with an adviser.

D)They acquire an explicit tool to helpobtain jobs.

59. Government agencies and the private sector often use IDPs to_________.

A)bring into full play the skills and expertise of their postdoctoralresearchers

B)help employees make the best use of their abilities to achieve their careergoals

C)place employees in the most appropriate positions

D)hire the most suitable candidates to work for them

60. What do we know about myIDP?

A)It is an effective tool of self-assessment and introspection for bettercareer plans.

B)It enables people to look into various possibilities and choose the careerthey love.

C)It promise a long-term career path.

D)It is part of the graduate curricula

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Just over a decade into the 21stcentury, women’s progress can be celebrated across a range of fields. They holdthe highest political offices from Thailand to Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia.A woman holds the top spot at the International Monetary Fund; another won theNobel Prize in economics. Self-made billionaires in Beijing, tech innovators inSilicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana-in these and countless otherareas, women are leaving their mark.

But hold the applause. In SaudiArabia, women aren’t allowed to drive. In Pakistan. 1,000 women die in honorkillings every year. In the developed world, women lag behind men in pay andpolitical power. The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to 14.5% lastyear.

To measure the state of women’sprogress, Newsweek ranked 165 countries, looking at five areas that affectwomen’s lives: treatment under the law, workforce participation, politicalpower, and access to education and health care. Analyzing data from the UnitedNations and the World Economic Forum, among others, and consulting with expertsand academics, we measured 28 factors to come up with our rankings.

Counties with the highest scores tendto be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law,and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined(神圣化). But there were some surprise. Some otherwise high-rankingcountries had relatively low scores for political representation. Canada rankedthird overall but 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba andBurundi. Does this suggest that a woman in a nation’s top office translates tobetter lives for women in gencral? Not exactly. “Trying to quantify or measurethe impact of women in politics is hard because in very few countries havethere been enough women in politics to make a difference.” Says Anne-MarieGoetz, peace and security adviser for U.N. Women.

Of course, no index can account for everything.Declaring that onecountry is better than another in the way that it treats more than half itscitizens means relying on broad strokes and generalities. Some things simplycan’t be measured. And cross-cultural comparisons can’t account for differencesof opinion.

Certain conclusions are nonethelessclear. For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profound statement madeby Hillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. “Whenwe liberate the economic potential of women. We elevate the economicperformance of communities, nations, and the world,” she said,” There’s astimulative effect that kicks in when women have greater access to jobs and theeconomic lives of our countries: Greater political stability. Fewer militaryconflicts. More food. More educational opportunity for children. By harnessingthe economic potential of all women. We boost opportunity for all people.”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61.What does the author think about women’s progress so far?

A.It still leaves much to be desired

B.It is too remarkable to be measured

C.It has greatly changed women’s fate

D.It is achieved through hard atruggle

62.In what countries have women made the greatest progress?

A.Where women hold key posts in government

B.Where women’s rights are protected by law

C.Where women’s participation in management is high

D.Where women enjoy better education and health care

63.What do Newsweek ranking reveal about women in Canada?

A.They care little about political participation

B.They are generally treated as equals by men

C.They have a surprisingly low social atatus

D.They are underrepresented in politics

64.What does Anne-Marie Goetz think of a women being in anation’s top office?

A.It does not necessarily raise women’s political awareness

B.It does not guarantee a better life for the nation’swomen

C.It enhances women ‘s status

D.It boosts women’s confidence

65.What does Hillary Clinton suggest we do to make the world abetter place?

A.Give women more political power

B.Stimulate women’s creativity

C.Allow women access to education

D.Tap women’s economic potential

（责任编辑：中原茶仙子）

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