非谓语动词结构
常见考点突破
非谓语动词的概念
不能作谓语的动词形式就是非谓语动词,主要有一下三大类:分词、不定式和动名词。非谓语动词可以充当多种成分,如:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。下面我们将从句法功能入手来分析这三大类非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的三大类型
分词
分词有两类,即现在分词和过去分词。从意义上来说,现在分词主要表示主动或进行状态;过去分体则体现被动或完成状态。分词在句中可作多种成分:
分词作定语。例如:
Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof. (在该句中,gas 后紧跟一个过去分词结构做其后置定语,表示一种被动状态,说明gas是被如何运输的。)
The girl standing there was crying.(在该句中,standing there作the girl 的后置定语,且使用现在分词形式表主动。)
分词作状语。例如:
He glanced over at her, nothing that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (在该句中,逗号后紧跟一个noting引导的分词结构,作glanced over at her的伴随状语,表示同时进行的动作。)
He fired, killing one of the passers-by.(在该句中,killing…引导一个现在分词结构,作fired的结果状语。)
Being tired with the work, he sat down to rest.(在该句中,分词结构Being tired with the work作原因状语,提前说明后续动作的原因。)
(责任编辑:中大编辑)