try 比 attempt 普通得多。在口语中使用 try 比使用 attempt 显得浅近通俗。但这两个词有着明显的差异。try 表示试一试,意即欲证明或检验某件事,这是 attempt 所不能表达的。在表示致力于某事时,try 并不包含冒险的意思。
You can try on the new coat.
这件新上衣,你可以试一试。
I tried to say something,but my mouth was full of cotton wool.
我想说句话,但我嘴里塞满了药棉。
endeavour 也表示致力于某事,但通常强调这种事情要求非同寻常的努力,或真切而诚恳的努力。如果某事轻而易举,不难办到,最好避免用 endeavour 而用 try.
The United Nations is endeavouring to establish peace.
联合国正在致力确保和平。
Make an effort 努力
attract fascinate enchant charm
都含有"吸引", 或"给人以喜悦之感"的意思。
attract 指"以悦人的恣态使人喜欢、羡慕或注目", 如:
He was attracted by her beauty.
他被她的美貌所吸引。
fascinate 指"使人非常感兴趣, 以致于要继续看下去或做下去等", 如:
fascinate vt. 1.迷住, 使神魂颠倒; 吸引; 使感兴趣 2.蛊惑住
The children were fascinated by all the toys in the shop windows.
那些孩子被商店橱窗里所有的玩具迷住了。
charm 指"使 人喜悦"、"使迷醉", 如:
n.吸引力, (女人的)魔力, 魅力, 符咒 vt.迷人, 使陶醉, 行魔法 vi.用符咒, 有魔力
Her beautiful voice charms everyone.
她优美的声音迷醉了每个人。
enchant 通常为由于喜悦而"着迷", 如: n.巫士, 妖人, 令人销魂者 1.迷惑 着迷 2.妖术; 魅力 -tress [-tris] vt.施魔法, 使迷惑
She was enchanted by the flowers you sent her.
她非常喜欢你送给她的花。
escape avoid evade elude
都含"避免"、"逃避"的意思。
escape 指"脱离或避开即将来临或近在眼前的伤害、危险、灾祸等事物"常作借喻用, 如:
escape death
脱离死亡。
avoid 强调"有意识地躲避不愉快的或可能发生危险的事物或情况", 如:
I cannot avoid meeting her.
我怎么也避不开她。
evade 强调"用心机或狡猾的手段逃避或回避对自己不利的东西", 如: 逃避, 躲避; 回避; 漏(税)
evade one’s duties
逃避职责
evade an attack
躲避攻击
evade income taxes
偷漏所得税
evade one’s duty
逃避责任。
elude 指"避开极接近的麻烦或巧妙、迅速地逃避", 如: 躲避(危险等); 逃避(追捕等); 逃脱
困惑, 使迷离
elude pursuit
逃避追捕
elude observation
避人耳目
elude one’s understanding
使人不解
The criminal eluded the police.
那个罪犯甩掉了警察的追捕。
aware conscious sensible
都含有"意识到的"意思。
aware 侧重"感官所意识到的外界事物", 如:
Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations.
每个人都意识到了四化的重要性。
conscious 侧重"心理感知", 如:
He is conscious of a sense of quilt.
他感到内疚。
sensible 指"可用感官察觉到的(较复杂或抽象的事物的)", 如:
I was sensible of her solemn grief.
我知道她很悲哀。
conflict fight struggle
都含"战斗" 、" 斗争"的意思。
conflict指"由于严重不一致, 而引起抵触或冲突", 如:Their account of the causes of the war conflicts with ours. 他们对于战争起因的报告与我们的报告相反。
fight原义是"打仗"、"战斗", 指"任何形式的斗争", 特别强调"短兵相接", 如:The two boys fought. 两个孩子动手打起来了。
struggle本义是"挣扎", 指"克服某种障碍或困难, 以达到某种目的", 意味着"处境难", 如:They were struggling for peace. 他们为和平而斗争。
oppose object resist
都含"反对"的意思。
oppose 为常用词, 指"对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对", 着重动作,尤指"反对一种观念、思想、计划等", 如:
The father opposed to his son’s marriage.
父亲反对儿子的婚事。
object 常指"用言论或论据等表示反对", 着重"个人嫌厌"和"(由于与个人有关因此)提出反对意见", 如:
I objected to his plan.
我反对他的计划。
resist 指"积极地反抗、对抗"、"用武力阻止……的前进", 如:
resist the enemy
抵抗敌人。
quarrel wrangle altercate squabble
都含"争吵"的意思。
quarrel指" 由于愤怒而争吵", 内含"其结果可能为持续的对立", 如:
The thieves quarrel (l)ed with one another about how to divide the loot.
小偷们为如何分赃而互相争吵。
wrangle指"口角"、"争吵", 着重"在争吵中各方坚持己见", 如:
The students wrangled about who should sit in front.
同学们为了谁坐在前面而争吵不休。
altercate 指"争吵"、"吵嘴", 可能动手, 也可能不动手, 如:
altercate on the locations of the battle
为竞赛地点争吵。
squabble 指"为小事争吵", 如:
No man will squabble over a nickel.
没有人会为了五分钱而吵架。
slide slip glide
都含"滑动"的意思。
slide 指"始终接触一平滑表面而滑动", 如:
Some boys are -ing on the ice.
一些男孩子在溜冰。
slip指"表面光滑没摩擦力, 不是持续接触而滑动", 并可指"突然地、不由自主地滑动", 如:
The pen slipped from his hand.
钢笔从他手中滑落。
glide指"持续而平稳地在光滑表面上自由滑动, 但不一定在同一光滑表面上滑动", 如:
A boat glided past.
小船轻轻驶过。
slide,slip,glide,skid这组同义词的一般含义为"滑动"或"滑".
slide所表示的"滑动"含有这样几层意思:光滑的面接触,通常为加速运动。用于比喻时,表示不自主地陷入某种习惯等
For one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal, but it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water.
在令人坐卧不安的一瞬间,馅饼盘悬悬乎乎地停在运河岸边,然而它突然失去了平衡,滑回水中。
Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship.
后来当船上的货物、压舱物、弹药以及400个人轰的一声滑到急剧倾斜的船体左舷一侧的时候,岸上观看的人们听到了雷鸣般的轰隆声。
But it is more important not to think lies, or to slide into those mechanical and untruthful habits of thought which are so pleasant and so easy as descents to mental ineptitude.
但是更重要的是不去想谎言,也不陷入无意识的、不诚实的思维习惯, 这种思维习惯如此他令人惬意和自在,就象沦为智力低能一样。
slip 所表示的"滑"与slide相比,接触面更滑,但不象slide那样持续地滑动,而是突然的或短暂的滑动,如滑倒。用于比喻时,可以表示"口误"(a slip of the tongue),"笔误"(a slip of the pen);"悄悄地溜进……"(slip into…)"轻巧而迅速地穿过"(slip through)等等。
He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
宴会结束时,他仍在咕哝着医院里的事。说着说着,他在一块冰上滑倒,跌断了左腿。
It tires not nor does it boast of its power, but belongs to the air, travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home feeding its flown young as it flies and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage evenwhen the wind is adverse.
glide 可以像slide那样持续地滑,但不一定像slide那样以面接触进行滑动。鸟在天空中翱翔,小船在水面荡漾,都可以用glide表示。这时虽有空气和水与运动着的鸟和船这样的物体之间的面接触,但与slide运动相比,可把这种面接触的摩擦力视为极小的数值,好象没有摩擦力一样。此外,诸如自行车顺着下坡路面自行滑动,和即将到站的火车靠其惯性作自行滑动,也可以用glide表示。
The albatross is the king of gliders.
信天翁是滑翔鸟类之王。
Soothed by the peace of my journey, I had lost all count of time but eventually I became aware that the boat was gliding slowly towards the bank.
旅途平静,我们的心情也安定,因此我失去了一切时间的概念。但是我终于觉察到我乘的小船在慢悠悠地向岸边荡去。
Then the train was gliding to a ten minutes’stop at the tiny station.
后来列车徐徐地驶进那个小站,将停靠10分钟。
skid 表示"打滑".如汽车在结冰的道路上行驶有时会出现车轮不转动而车体向一侧滑动的现象。又如:高速行驶的汽车在急转弯时,车身向一侧的滑动。
All the wheels of the truck were tied up with iron chains to avoid skidding on the ice road.
大卡车的所有轮子上都捆上了铁链,以防止在结冰的路面上打滑。
During the race, the leading car skidded and overturned.
在比赛中领先的那辆车向一侧打滑并且翻倒了。
begin,start,end,stop这是词义正好相反的两组词。begin 的反义词为 end;start 的反义词为 stop.
begin 表示"开始",其内涵是"使处于进程中"
Work on it had begun before my sister left.
这座房子在我姐姐离开之前就已经动工了。
Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather,…
他几乎马上便开始抱怨天气了,……
(责任编辑:中大编辑)