成人英语三级

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被动语态

(I) 被动语态的构成. 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：

1.一般现在时 am/is/are+V(p.p) 人们利用电能运转机器。 People use electricity to run machines. Electricity is used to run machines.

Is electricity used to run machines? Yes, it is . / No, it isn’t.

2.一般过去时 was/were + V(p.p) 昨天我们在山坡上种了许多树。Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.

3.一般将来时 will/shall +be+V(p.p) 下星期我们将举行一场运动会。A sports meeting will be held next week.

4.过去将来时 should/would +be+V(p.p) 他告诉我们人们将在他家乡建一个大水坝。

We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.

5.现在进行时 am/is/are +being+V(p.p) . 他正在油漆房子。He is painting the house. A house is being painted. Is the house being painted? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t .

6.过去进行时 was/were +being+V(p.p) 当我进厨房时，她正在做蛋糕。A cake was being made when I came into the kitchen.

7.现在完成时 have/has +been+V(p.p) 他已经结束工作了。He has finished his work. His work has been finished.

8.过去完成时 had +been+V(p.p) 到上个月为止，他们已经把这本书翻译成了英语。 The book had been translated into English by the end of last month.

9.将来完成时will have +been+V(p.p) . 2,000 words will have been learned by the end of next year.

注：

1. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+be+V(p.p)”构成。如： The machine must be operated with care.

2.含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语，变成被动语态时，分别用“be going to +be +V(p.p)”和“be to +be+V(p.p)”。如： The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting.

(II)由动词短语形成的被动语态： 一般情况下，只有及物动词才能跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，所以只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，就可以形成被动语态。 约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on. 奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister. My sister is taken care of by Grandma.

注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。

难点释疑：

主动形式表被动意义 . 在下列情况中，谓语形式是主动的，但具有被动的含义。 The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来很可口。 The idea sounds good.这个主意听起来不错。 The apples sell well.这些苹果很好卖。 The clothes wash well.这些衣服很好洗。 3.一些固定句型表示被动含义。

a. be worth doing sth The film is well worth seeing.这部电影很值得一看。

b. have/ get sb/sth done have作使役动词没有被动语态，但可用这种结构表被动或使役。 I had my watch stolen.我的手表被偷了。

c. sth need/want/require doing=sth need /want/require to be done The room needs cleaning.=The room needs to be cleaned.这间房屋需要打扫。

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