Type of Basic Coverage 基本险别的几种类型 (考试重点)
PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clause ( 中国人民保险公司海上货物运输保险条款 ) 中的三种基本险别:FPA (平安险)、WA/WPA (水渍险)、All Risks (一切险),下面是这三种险别的具体内容:
1-1 Free from Particular Average (FPA) 平安险
平安险的英文意思是:单独海损不陪,它是责任范围最小的一个险别(particular average: 单独海损;free from: 解除,没有...的)
平安险的承保范围:
1.The risks covered in FPA coverage basically means that only total or constructive total loss of the whole consignment of cargo but no partial loss or damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities, such as heavy weather, lighting, tsunami, earthquake and flood.
平安险承包的风险范围指由自然灾害,比如恶劣的气候;雷电;海啸,地震和洪水造成的整批货物的全部损失或者推定全损(但不包括部分损失),这种情况下可以从保险商那里获得赔偿。
注释:basically: 基本上,主要地 total: 全部的,整个的 constructive total loss: 推定全损 (constructive: 推定的,解释性的,推定全损是指保险标的发生保险事故后,认为实际全损已不可避免,或者为避免发生实际全损所需支付的费用超过保险价值的,为推定全损。)
consignment:所托运的货物,交付,委托 cargo: 货物 partial loss: 部分损失 recoverable: 可重获的 result from: 由...产生 natural calamities: 自然灾害 heavy weather: 恶劣气候(heavy: 原意为“重的,沉重的”,在这里我们引申为“恶劣的”) lighting: 闪电 tsunami: 海啸 earthquake: 地震 flood: 洪水;水灾
平安险承包的风险范围指由自然灾害,比如恶劣的气候;雷电;海啸,地震和洪水造成的整批货物的全部损失或者推定全损(而不是部分损失)
2.Total loss or partial loss is recoverable from the insurer incurred as a result of specific casualties, e.g., collision, stranding, sinking of the vessel. 由特殊灾难,比如船只的互撞、搁浅、沉没等引起的全部损失或部分损失
注释:incur: 招致,招到 as a result of: 作为…的结果 specific: 特殊的,特定的 casualty: 严重的意外,事故,灾难 collision: 碰撞,冲突 stranding: 搁浅 sinking: 沉没
3. FPA also covers general average and salvage charges, reasonable costs incurred by the assured in salvaging the goods or averting or minimizing a loss recoverable under the policy.
平安险还负责共同海损和被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用
注释:general average: 共同海损 salvage charge: (海上)救助费用 reasonable: 合理的(reasonable costs: 合理费用) the assured: 被保险人 averting: 避免,防止 minimizing: 是minimize的名词形式,意为“减到最小;减少”。
2-2 With particular Average ( WA/WPA) 水渍险
水渍险的责任范围除平安险的各项责任外,还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。
水渍险的承保范围:
WA/WPA provides larger cover than FPA since partial loss and damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities.
水渍险负责除了平安险以外的包括自然灾害引起的部分损失和损害
注释:provide: 提供;供应 lager: 更大的(lager than:比...更大的)
2-3 All Risks 一切险
一切险是最高险别,责任范围最广,一切险实际上是平安险、水渍险和一般附加险的总和。
一切险的介绍:
1.All Risks is the most widely used in the transport of general cargo because it provides better coverage than WA/WPA type. 一切险在普通货物运输中最广泛使用的一个险别,因为它的承包范围更优于水渍险…
注释:widely: 广泛地,普遍地 general cargo: 普通货物,一般货物 better than: 更好的,比...更好
2.Aside from the risks covered under WA/WPA type, it also provides insurance against all risks of loss of or damage to the cargo insured arising from external causes in the course of transit. 一切险除了平安险和水渍险的责任外,还包括(保险标的)在运输途中由于外来原因所造成的所有损失(包括全部损失和部分损失)。
注释:aside from: 除了…以外 arise from: 起于,由…出身 external cause: 外部因素 transit: 运输,搬运
3.The All Risks does not cover risks of war, strike and other special additional risks such as failure to delivery, import duty, on deck, rejection, aflatoxin etc. 一切险不包括战争险,罢工险和其它附加的特殊险别,比如交货不到险,进口关税险,舱面险,拒收险,黄曲霉素险等等。
注释:strike: 罢工 additional: 附加的,额外的 failure to delivery: 交货不到险 (on) deck: 甲板,舱面 rejection: 拒收 aflatoxin: 黄曲霉素
4. The general additional risks such as theft, pilferage & non-delivery risks, fresh water and/or rain damage risks, shortage risks, intermixture and contamination risks, leakage risks, clash and breakage risks, taint of odour risks, sweat and heating risks, hook damage risks, breakage of packing risks and rust risks are covered in All Risks coverage. 一切险包含一般附加险,比如说偷窃提货不着险,淡水雨淋险,短量险,混杂、玷污险,渗漏险,碰损破碎险,串味险,受潮受热险,钩损险,包装破损险,锈损险。
注释:general additional risk: 一般附加险 theft, pilferage & non-delivery risks: 偷窃提货不着险 fresh water and/or rain damage risks:淡水、雨淋险 shortage risks:短量险 intermixture and contamination risks:混杂、玷污险 leakage risks:渗漏险 clash and breakage risks:碰损、破碎险 taint of odour risks:串味险 sweat and heating risks:受潮受热险 hook damage risks:挂钩险 breakage of packing risks:包装破裂险 rust risks:锈损险.
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