| 考试日期： | 2012年6月30日 |
| Reading Passage 1 | |
| Title: | 中国古代战车Chariot (China) |
| Question types: | TRUE\FALSE\NOT GIVEN 4题 Complete the diagram 6题 Answer questions 3题 |
| 英文原文阅读 | The ancient Chinese chariot (simplified Chinese: 战车；traditional Chinese: 戰車；pinyin: zhan che; literally "war vehicle") was used as an attack and pursuit vehicle on the open fields and plains of Ancient China from around 1200 BCE. Chariots also allowed military commanders a mobile platform from which to control troops while providing archers and soldiers armed with dagger-axes increased mobility. They reached a peak of importance during the Spring and Autumn period, but were largely superseded by cavalry in the Han Dynasty. Origins Traditional sources attribute the invention of the chariot to the Xia Dynasty minister Xi Zhong（奚仲）, [1][2][3] and say they were used at the Battle of Gan（甘之战）in the 21st century BCE. However archeological evidence shows that small scale use of the chariot began around 1200 BCE in the late Shang Dynasty.[4][5] Contemporary oracle bone inscriptions of the character 車（车）depict a chariot-like two wheeled vehicle with a single pole for the attachment of horses. Ancient Chinese chariots were typically two wheeled vehicles drawn by two or four horses[9] with a single draught pole measuring around 3 meters long that was originally straight but later evolved into two curved shafts. At the front end of the pole there was a horizontal draw-bar about one meter long with wooden yokes attached, to which the horses would be harnessed. Wooden wheels with a diameter of between approximately 1.2 - 1.4 meters were mounted on a three meter long axle and secured at each end with a bronze hubcap. Wheels of the Shang period usually had 18 spokes, but those of the Zhou period numbered from 18 to 26. Chariot wheels of the Spring and Autumn period (8th-7th century BCE) had between 25 and 28 spokes. The carriage body was around one meter long and 0.8 meters wide with wooden walls and an opening at the back to provide access for soldiers.[10][11] With the arrival of the Spring and Autumn Period (771-476 BCE) improvements had been made to the chariot's design and construction. The angle of the curved draw pole had increased raising the end of the pole. This reduced the amount of effort required by the horse pulling the chariot and increased its speed. The width of the carriage body had also increased to around 1.5 meters allowing soldiers greater freedom of movement. Key components such as the pole, hubcap and yoke were reinforced with decorated copper castings, increasing the chariot's stability and durability. These chariots were variously referred to as “gold chariots” (金车), “attack chariots”（攻车）or “weapons chariots”.（戎车）[10] |
| 题型难度分析 | 第一篇文章从题型角度来看难度适中，是非无判断属于常规题目，图形填空和简答题，都属于有顺序的题目，定位容易。本篇文章对于考生的难度在于对话题的陌生感，会出现不认识的单词，但就题型设置上可看出，本篇文章是得分文章。 |
| 题型技巧分析 | Complete the diagram是雅思阅读中的“人品题”，出现的机会非常少，每年出现的概率平均少于5次，每次题目的出现也在5题左右。 考生在解题中，会被很多生僻词迷惑。 解题中需要用生僻词定位，按照顺序原则解题，并预测答案的词性，注意字数要求的限制。 |
| 剑桥雅思推荐原文练习 | 剑8 Test1 Passage1；剑8 Test4 Passage3 |
| 2012年06月30日雅思听力机经[A类] |
| 2012年06月30日雅思阅读机经[A类] |
| 2012年06月30日雅思口语机经[A类] |
| 2012年06月30日雅思写作机经[A类] |
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