考研

Standard  usage includes those words and expressions  understood, used,  and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered appropriate for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, however, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as good, formal usage  by  the  majority.  Colloquial  expressions  and  even  slang  may  be  found  in standard dictionaries but will  be so identified. Both colloquial usage and  slang are  more common in speech than in writing.

Colloquial speech often  passes into standard speech.  Some slang  also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts  certain slang  phrases but  nevertheless retains them in  their collective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.

It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance of new objects  and  situations  in  the  society;  second,  a  diverse  population  with  a  large  number  of subgroups; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population

Finally, it is  worth noting  that the terms "standard" "colloquial" and "slang" exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be  aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions.  Most speakers  of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.首页 1 2 尾页

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