2014年考研英语模拟测试题二及答案（2）

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2014年考研英语模拟测试题二及答案（2）

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Text 3

The term "joint international business venture", joint venture for short, has come to mean many things to many people. It sometimes is taken to mean any joint relationship between one or more foreign firms and one or more local firms. Such a broad definition is excluded here. Joint venture will be taken to mean joint ownership of an operation in which at least one of the partners is foreign based.

Joint ventures can take many forms. A foreign firm may take a majority share, a minority share, or an equal share in ownership. While it is not necessary to have financial control or to have operating control, some firms refuse to use the joint venture form if it is not possible to have a majority position in ownership. There are firms that have few qualms about holding minority position, however, so long as they can have operating control. They achieve this through technical-aid, management, or supply contracts.

It should be recognized that maintaining operating control is sometimes difficult if one does not have financial control too. Objectives of the participants may diverge; when they do,financial control becomes important. Management may wish to reinvest earnings while the majority of the board may wish earnings distributed as dividends. Unless policy issues of this kind can be settled amicably, lack of financial control can prove to be very unsatisfactory, if not fatal.

Many joint ventures emerge as matters of necessity: that is, no single firm is willing to assume the risks entailed, while a consortium of firms is. Large, capital-intensive, long-lived investments are natural candidates for the joint venture. Exploitation of resource deposits often is done by a consortium of several petroleum or mining firms. Roles are parceled out even though each phase of the operation is owned jointly. One firm does the actual mining, another provides transportation, and still another does the refining and extraction. There is a wide variety of combinations.

Also the joint venture can pose problems, especially if it is an enforced marriage of partners. For many ventures in small countries, it is difficult to find a suitable local partner, that is, one with sufficient capital and know how to be able to contribute to the partnership. In some developing countries, a small handful of families control the entire locally-owned part of the industrial structure. Under these circumstances, a joint venture merely insulates them further from independent, foreign-owned plants that would compete against them. For this and other reasons, the only suitable partner may end up being the government itself. Most multinational firms, however, shy away from such arrangements where possible.

31The phrase "joint venture" mentioned in the first paragraph refers to .

A.any joint relationship between one foreign firm and one local firm

B.any joint relationship between foreign firms

C.joint ownership of an operation in which at least one of the partners is foreign based

D.all of the above

32 The word "qualms" in the second paragraph may have the equal meaning with .

A.abilitiesB.worriesC.possibilitiesD.limits

33 According to the author, which of the following is most important?

A.Majority position.B.Operating control.

C.Financial control.D.Support of the government.

34 Which of the following is not the advantages of the joint venture?

A.It can assume more risks.

B.It may gather more capital.

C.Large and long-lived investment can be carried out.

D.The partners will make concerted efforts towards one target.

35 Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. A foreign firm often takes a majority share in a joint venture.

B.Lack of financial control may be fatal to a firm participating in joint venture.

C.Joint venture is very helpful to developing countries.

D.Government is the best partner in a joint venture.

Text 4

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

According to a weather expert's prediction, the atmosphere will be 3°C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food-growing zones.

In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and cold spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun.As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or 'colder' faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.

Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia(惯性)of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun's diminishing heat.

36.It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would .

A.prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

B.mean a warming up in the Antarctic

C.account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphere

D.raise the temperature of the earth's surface

37.The article was written to explain .

A.the greenhouse effect

B.the solar effects on the earth

C.the models of solar-weather interactions

D.the causes affecting weather

38.Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is .

A.mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising

B.possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting

C.exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earth's climate

D.partly due to variations in the output of solar energy

39.On the basis of their models, scientists are of the opinion that .

A.the climate of the world should be becoming cooler

B.it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect

C.the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects

D.the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

40.If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, .

A.the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels

B.ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere

C.the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quickly

D.the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth

Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

I remember one night a few years ago when my daughter was frantic with worry. After my Harvard Extension School classes, I usually arrived at the bus station near my home by 11 p.m., but on that night I was nowhere to be found. My daughter was nervous. It wasn't safe for a single woman to walk alone on the streets at night, especially one as defenseless as I am: I can slay a mugger with my sharp wit, but I m just too short to do any real physical damage.

That night my daughter checked the bus station, drove around the streets, and contacted some friends. But she couldn't find me - until she called my astronomy professor who told her that I was on top of the Science Center using the telescope to gaze at the stars. Unaware of the time, I had gotten lost in the heavens and was only thinking about the new things I had learned that night in class.

This story illustrates a habit I have developed over the years: I lose track of the time when it comes to learning. 41)___________________________.I may have started late, but I will continue to learn as long as I am able because there is no greater feeling, in my opinion, than traveling to a faraway country as I have and being able to identify by sight the painting of a famous artist, the statue of an obscure sculptor, the cathedral of an ancient architect. 42)_________________________________________. So I will continue to take classes and tell my story.

Lately it seems that everyone is asking me, "Mary, what advice do you have for other students?" So while I have you all here, I m going to ease my burden of answering you each individually:

43)______________________________________________________________.So listen to me when I tell you this: Knowledge is power.

My studies were interrupted when I was in the 7th grade, back sometime around World War I. I loved school but I was forced to leave it to care for my family. I was consigned to work in a Rhode Island cotton mill, where I labored for many years. I eventually married and raised 5 children, 20 grandchildren, and 18 great-grandchildren. But all the while I felt inferior to those around me. I knew I was as smart as a college graduate. I knew I was capable of doing a job well -- I had proved it by running a successful family business for decades that still exists. But I wanted more. I wanted to feel confident when I spoke and I wanted people to respect my opinions.

Does it surprise you to discover how much you have in common with an 89-year-old woman? 44)_____________________________________________________.

45)____________________________________________________.That belief is what has motivated me for the last 75 years to get this degree. It is also the mission of the Harvard Extension School. Without the support I received from this school, I might not have graduated until I was 100 -- a phrase that many of you have probably used in jest.

[A]If the saying is true that wisdom comes with age, you may safely assume that I am one of the wisest people in this hall and possibly at this university today.

[B]I know that many of you graduates today, whether you were born in 1907 or 1967, have faced similar barriers to completing your studies and have sometimes felt inferior around those you work or socialize with just because you didn't have a degree.

[C]If you have treated education as your main goal, and not as a means to an end, then you, too, have probably been claimed as a missing person once in your academic career, whether you were lost in the stars or the stacks of Widener Library.

[D]But I am here today -- like you are -- to prove that it can be done; that the power gained by understanding and appreciating the world around us can be obtained by anyone regardless of social status, personal challenges, or age.

[E]How else do you explain a woman who began high school at age 71 and who is graduating with a bachelor s degree at 89?

[F]And you, too, know that the journey was worth it, and that the power of knowledge makes me the most formidable 89-year-old woman at the bus stop.

[G]I have found that the world is a final exam that you can never be prepared enough for.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the Answer Sheet 2.(10 points)

The chief US negotiator, Trade Representative Charlene Barshefsky, described the deal as "profoundly important", "absolutely comprehensive" and an excellent one for American business.

46)At a meeting with Ms. Barshefsky yesterday afternoon, president Jiang Zemin called the deal as "good, historic and realistic", and a win-win for both sides, which showed that both countries saw the issue from a strategic viewpoint.

47)China's entry into the WTO will have profound ramifications (分支、分派) for the country. Binding her to international trading rules and encouraging foreign firms to invest by providing a system less based on rule by the idiosyncrasies (特性) of an official and more on transparent laws and regulations.

48)It will accelerate a process of closing money-losing and over-manned state companies and moving labor and capital into market-driven businesses. In the short term, it will drive up unemployment as inefficient, capital-intensive state industries shed labor and shut down.

It also marks a vital political victory for Prime Minister Zhu Rongji, the main proponent, along with Mr. Jiang, of China's membership, who offered a similar deal in Washington in April.

The NATO bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade, froze negotiations from May until September.

49)For Mr. Zhu, WTO membership will serve as a motor for reform of state companies, banking, insurance, securities and other industries.

At a news conference just before she left China, Ms. Barshefsky said the support of the two presidents had been crucial. Presidents Bill Clinton and Jiang Zemin met in Auckland and agreed to put the talks back on track, with a deadline of the next round of WTO talks that will begin in Seattle on November 30.

Ms. Barshefsky, full of energy despite the six-day marathon, presented the agreement's main details. Overall tariffs will fall to an average of about 17 per cent and on farm goods to 14.5 per cent or 15 per cent, while China will make significant liberalization on importing such goods, especially wheat, corn, cotton and other bulk commodities.

50)China will eliminate non-tariff quotas within five years, some in two to three years. It will cut tariffs on imported cars from the current 80-100 per cent to 25 per cent by 2006 and allow foreign financial institutions to finance the purchase of cars.

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

51.Directions:

You are supposed to be a secretary who is going to notify the staff of a short tour at the weekend organized by the company. The memo should include:

1)a brief introduction to the tour site or activities to take

2)time and place to get together

3)items to bring and something to note

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name in the memo. Use "Jane Green" instead. (10 points)

Part B

52.Directions:

Please write an essay on the topic "Internet, Society and Our Lives".

You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.