学位英语

The Difference between Man and Computer

What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet (1) ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) ______they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand， don't. In fact，computers don't (3) ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) ______is to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a "purpose".

Of course ，people have several goals that do not make (5) ______ to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) ______order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (7) ______a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.

However ，these physiological and social goals give (8) ______to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) ______ about the name of a restaurant which (10) ______ the desired type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) ______ "want" to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so (14) ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) ______out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.

词汇:

element / 'elim?nt / n. 元素，成分，要素

intellectual /,intil'ekt?u?l/ adj. 智力的，聪明的

entertainment /,ent?'teinm?nt/ n. 娱乐，消遣

physiological /,fizi?'l?d?ik?l/ adj. 生理学的，生理的

cognitive / 'k?gnitiv / adj. 认知的，认识上的

注释:

1. ... attribute to computers ... :……把……归于电脑，归属于电脑……

2. ... in the case of computer ... :……对于电脑来说……

练习:

1. A) express B) explain C) account D) count

2. A) why B) how C) what D) when

3. A) once B) even C) ever D) often

4. A) program B) instruction C) system D) function

5. A). success B) sense C) scene D) point

6. A) of B) or C) in D) and

7. A) find B) search C) look D) watch

8. A) way B) play C) rise D) birth

9. A) place B) food C)reference D)information

10. A) orders B) sells C)supports D) serves

11. A) acquire B) ask C) require D) consult

12. A) understanding B) learning C) knowledge D) awareness

13. A) could B) might C)should D) would

14. A) as B) on C)by D) in

15. A) arise B) rise C)consent D) derive

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