学位英语

Black Holes

1 Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel, and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational(重力的) force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star’s surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.

2 Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass(恒星质量) black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest

particle. Try to see and compare: if a star that’s ten times the size of the sun end up being a black hole that’s no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become black hole that’s only a fraction of an inch!

3 Objects that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up(吞噬) objects within a specific distance to it. It’s possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits(轨道) do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.

4 So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is not possible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to explore galaxies(银河系), space and the solar system to understand how black holes. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute further process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.

23 Paragraph 1________

24 Paragraph 2________

25 Paragraph 3________

26 Paragraph 4________

A How are black holes formed?

B What are black holes made of?

C How were black holes named?

D What are different types of black holes?

E Is there proof that black holes really exist?

F What happened to the objects around a black hole?

27 Black holes are formed after______.

28 When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into ______.

29 A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of______.

30 Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity helps to prove______.

A the thinnest particle

B a fraction of an inch

C the same amount of mass

D an explosion of huge stats

E the creation of new entities

F the existence of black holes

答案：

23 A 本段的主题句是“Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars"。意为“科学家已经发现黑洞是来自于巨大恒星的爆炸”，后文主要讲恒星爆炸的原理，所以本段主要讲的是黑洞是如何形成的。答案是A。

24 B 本段的主题句是“Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals”，意为“黑洞来源于由氢气、其他气体和少量金属组成的星体”，本段其他的句子在讲黑洞的形成条件。所以本段主要讲的是黑洞的组成。答案是B。

25 F 本段中，第一句话主要讲被黑洞吸住的物体总是停在那，永远不能挣脱。第二句话主要讲黑洞只能在一定的距离内吞噬物体。第三、第四句话主要是说太阳附近的大型星体可能会变成黑洞，但是太阳的位置不会变。所以本段主要讲黑洞周围物体的情况。因此答案是F。

26 E 本段的主题句是“So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity”，意思是“天文学家根据爱因斯坦的相对论已经算出黑洞的存在”。后文讲的是天文学家对黑洞存在的进一步研究。因此本段主要在讲黑洞存在的问题，答案是E。

27 D 第一段第二句话，“Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars”，意思是“科学家已经发现黑洞来自于巨大恒星的爆炸”，所以答案是D,“巨大恒星的爆炸”。

28 A 第二段第二句话，“When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass（恒星质量）black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough ( should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest par-tide”，意思是“只有在星体足够大时，爆炸后才能变成恒星质量的黑洞，因为爆炸使它们变成片状，然后重力开始将每一片压成最薄的粒子”。所以答案是A，“最薄的粒子”。

29 C 第三段第四句“Orbits（轨道）do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star”，意思是“新形成的黑洞的轨道不会变，因为它的质量和它之前是恒星时的质量一样”。所以答案是C,“相同的质量”。

30 F 第四段第一句话，“So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity”，意思是“到目前为止，天文学家已经根据爱因斯坦的相对论算出黑洞的存在”。所以答案是F,“黑洞的存在”。

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