第六部分:完形填空(第51~65 题,每题1 分,共15 分)
阅读下面的短文,文中有15 处空白,每处空白给出了4 个选项,请根据短文的内容从4 个选项中选择1 个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters
It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to _____51 people frequently. But these fish perform a_____ 52 service for earth’s waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their _____53 Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from_____ 54 .
Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas _____55 their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, _____56 people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person _____57 a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the _____58 when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.
A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and _____59 produced by animals. These powerful _____60 help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any _____61 sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.
Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense and immune _____62 against disease. Researchers know that sharks _____63 quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.
Sharks are important for the world’s _____64 . They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too _____65 This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
51 A attack B meet C love D visit
52 A terrible B eatable C valuable D possible
53 A source B existence C friends D fish
54 A space B sky C land D earth
55 A because B since C because of D by reason that
56 A whose B which C that D where
57 A to B for C like D with
58 A times B places C seas D oceans
59 A sciences B mathematics C chemicals D physics
60 A feelings B senses C touches D tastes
61 A those B these C another D other
62 A systems B work C ideas D circles
63 A recover B reform C return D rely
64 A rivers B oceans C forests D mountains
65 A weak B little C few D great
参考答案:
51 A 本题应选择attack,因为第一句说到:人们认为鲨鱼是a deadly enemy,也就是说鲨鱼会对人类造成伤害。第二句是对deadly enemy 的具体说明。其他三个选项meet,love,visit都不合适,love 与上下文意思相反,meet 和visit 与上下文意思不符。
52 C 空格2 所在的句子由but 连接,所以该句表达的意思一定与第二句相反。第二句对鲨鱼的评价是负面的,填入空格2 的词应该是正面的。四个选项中只有valuable 符合这一条件,所以是答案。
53 B 第三句说到鲨鱼有益于“waters and human beings”,第五句又说到鲨鱼濒临灭绝的危险。根据上下文的意思,threatening(威胁)到它们的应该是existence(生存)。其他三个选项source.friends,fish 都不合适,与上下文意思没有联系。
54 D 如果鲨鱼消失,从什么地方消失呢?当然从earth(地球)上消失。从space(宇宙空间)、sky(天空)中消失,或从land(陆地)上消失,都有悖常理。
55 C 四个选项的意思都是“因为”,但是从用法上分析,because,since 和by reason that 之后要接句子,because of 之后接名词或名词短语。their warm waters 是名词短语,所以要选用because of。
56 D“…people also swim”明显是定语从句,其先行词是表示地点的名词area,所以要选关系副词where。
57 B 从上下文判断,本句的意思是:鲨鱼将人错认为是海洋动物。而“将……错认为是”的英语表达是mistake…for,所以本题的答案是选项B。
58 A 本段的意思是:鲨鱼并非故意袭击人类。人们认为,由于鲨鱼将人错认为是海狮等海洋动物,在饥饿时才袭击人类。日出和日落时,正是鲨鱼饥肠辘辘的时候,人们不应该出海游泳。空格8 填入的词应该与时间有关,所以times 是答案,而与地点有关的选项(places,seas 和oceans)与上下文意思脱节。
59 C 本段第一、二句是说,鲨鱼的嗅觉特别灵敏,能嗅到海水中存在的极为微量的气味。作者举了三个物质:血、体液和化学品。空格9 要填入表示物质的名词。四个选项中唯一表达物质的词是chemicals(化学品)。所以chemicals 是答案,而其他三个选项与学科有关,脱离了上下文的意思,不是本题的答案。
60 B 在第一、二句意思的基础上,作者进一步说明,灵敏的嗅觉有助于鲨鱼找到食物。所以本题的答案是senses,因为feelings,touches 和tastes 都与smells 无关。
61 D 本句的中心词是复数的sharks,another 所修饰的名词一般是单数,所以不会是答案。these 和those 是表特指的代词,指代前面出现过的名词。由于前面没有先行词,所以也不可能是答案。剩下的other 是答案,any other sharks 的说法也合乎英语的用法。
62 A 从上下文判断,医学研究人员想要更多了解的是“身体抗病system(系统)”,不会是“身体抗病idea(思想)”、“身体抗病work(工作)”或“身体抗病circle(周期)”。
63 A 本段最后一句的意思是:医学研究人员研究鲨鱼的目的是为了找到一种人类抗病的方法。所以,空格13 所在句子的意思应该是recover( quickly from injuries)。科学家想要探索的应该是有关受伤鲨鱼recover quickly from injuries 的秘密,而reform(改造)、return(回归)和rely(依靠)只是与答案recover 在词形上有点相似而已,其意思与上下文的意思风马牛不相及。
64 B 从上下文判断,鲨鱼的存在能使oceans 得益。鲨鱼不生活在rivers,forests 或mountains中,所以这三个选项不会是答案。
65 D 本段其余三句都是说明为什么鲨鱼有益于海洋。它们吃海洋动物,结果使得海洋中的动物数量不会过多。weak,little,few 都与上面表达的意思相反,所以只有great 是答案。
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