学位英语

The First Bicycle

The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791, Count de Sivrac (1) ______ onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention, a machine called the celerifere. It was basically an (2) ______ version of a children’s toy which had been in (3) ______ for many years. Sivrac’s “celerifere” had a wooden frame, made in the (4) ______ of horse, which was mounted on a wheel at either end1. To ride it, you sat on a small seat, just like a modern bicycle, and pushed (5) ______ against the (6) ______ with your legs — there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celerifere and it had no brakes, but despite these problems the invention very much (7) ______to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were (8) ______ races up and down the streets.

Minor (9) ______ were common as riders attempted a final burst of2 (10) ______. Controlling the machine was difficult, as the only way to change (11) ______ was to pull up the front of the “celerifere” and (12) ______ it round while the front wheel was (13) ______ in the air. “Celeriferes” were not popular for long, however, as the (14) ______ of no springs, no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so, the wooden celerifere was the (15) ______ of the modern bicycle.

注释：

1. ...which was mounted on a wheel at either end:……两端都装上了轮子

2. …as riders attempteda final burst of speed:……当骑手尝试最后冲刺的时候

练习：

1.A) delighted B) cheered C) appreciated D) overjoyed

2.A) increased B) enormous C) extended D) enlarged

3.A) use B) play C) operation D) service

4.A) resemblance B) shape C) body D) appearance

5.A) fast B) deeply C) heavily D) hard

6.A) surface B) ground C) earth D) floor

7.A) attracted B) appealed C) took D) called

8.A) goi4g B) getting C) holding D) making

9.A) wounds B) trips C) injuries D) breaks

10.A) velocity B) energy C) pace D) speed

11.A) direction B) route C) heading D) way

12.A) roIl B) drive C) turn D) revolve

13.A) cycling B) circling C) winding D) spinning

14.A) mixture B) link C) combination D) union

15.A) origin B)design C) model D) introduction

答案与题解：

1.A 根据句意，西夫拉克伯爵使公园里的观众都感到高兴，能表示“使……高兴”意思的只有A和D，而D选项overjoy意思为“使……过度兴奋，狂喜”，感情色彩过于强烈，这里应填，delight“使……喜悦”。

2.D 一开始发明的自行车应该是个儿童玩具的扩大版，increased“增加的”，enormous“巨大的”，extended“延伸的”均不合题意。

3. A 此处有三个选项都可以与in搭配，in use“在使用中”，in operation“生效，运行中”，in service“服务中”，只有in use填入此空符合逻辑，故选择A。

4. B 最早的自行车是用木头支架做成马的形状，弄懂意思后答案一目了然，resemblance意为 “相似，相似物”，appearance“外貌，外观”。

S.D 此处意思为“用脚使劲蹬地”，故选hard。heavily意为“沉重地，猛烈地”。

6. B 四个选项都跟“地”有点关系，surface“表面”，ground“地面，土地”，earth“泥土，陆地”，floor“地板，地面”，比较之后，只有ground比较合适。

7. B appeal to意思为“吸引”，attract本身就是及物动词“吸引”，后不需要加介词to，take to意为“开始喜欢，开始从事”。

8. C hold races在这里是“举行赛跑”的意思，其他选项不合题意。

9. C 人们在最后冲刺的时候，受点小伤是很常见的。只有wound和injury有“受伤，伤害”的意思，wound做名词一般指“伤口，受伤的地方”，injury指“小伤”，为正确答案。

10.D 此处表示“最后猛一冲刺”，一定是速度很快，除了B选项之外的三个选项都有“速度” 之意，velocity“速率，速度”，为科学用语，pace“步调，步法”，speed“速度”，是常用词，故选D。

11.A 此处的意思是“改变方向”，并不是要改变路线，只有A选项符合题意。

12.C 想要改变行车方向需要抬起车头在空中掉转，turn round为惯用搭配，意为“旋转，掉转”，roll和revolve本身就有“旋转”的意思，后面不需加round。

13. D 这四个选项都有“转圈”的意思，cycle“循环，骑自行车”，circle“旋转，环绕移动”，wind“缠绕，上发条”，spin“自旋，纺纱”，此处主语为wheel，轮子在空中一定是“自旋”，因此选D。

14. C 四个选项都有“综合”的意思，mixture表示“混合，混合物”，link“连接，结合”，combination“结合，组合，联合”，union“联盟，联合”，全句意为“结合了没有弹簧、没有方向舵，以及遭遇不平整路段等问题，木制双轮车骑起来十分不舒服”，只有C选项的意思放在此处最恰当。

15.A 综合全文大意，我们得知法国人发明的木制双轮车便是现代自行车的始祖，A选项符合题意。

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